1386. ] Geography and Travels. 151 
were allowed to colonize. Since 1876 hundreds of thousands of 
emigrants have arrived from Shantung and Chihli, and have 
broken up and cultivated land on both sides of the Great Wall 
or Palisades. The site of Newchang, the port of Féeng-Tieng, was 
in the seabed up to the beginning of this century. The province 
of Korin contains a large community of  Coreans. About 
48,000 square miles, or 5% per cent of British India, has been 
reserved as forests. Some are upon the plains or on the low ranges 
of hills rising from them, some on the lower or middle slopes of 
the Himalayas to an elevatlon of 8000 to gooo feet. A forest sur- 
vey is in progress, largely in the lands of native surveyors trained 
in the Forest Survey Department. A school of Indian forestry 
. has been established, in which natives are trained to be conserva- 
tors and rangers. 
America.—The Claims of France in Brazil—M. Condreau 
calls attention in a recent issue of the Revue Scientifique to the 
undetermined portion of French Guiana. Upon maps the river 
yapock is shown as the south-eastern boundary of French 
Guiana, separating it from Brazil, while the southern boundary is 
formed by the Tumac-Humac mountains. It appears, however, 
that France has at, various times occupied and abandoned the ter- 
ritories between the Oyapock and the Amazons, and that the 
peoples of that region live actually independent of either Brazil or 
France. M. Condreau states that Brazil once offered to divide this 
territory, but that France claimed two-thirds. In any case, 
the country in dispute is worth having, since it is not an un- 
healthy marsh like Guiana itself, but an elevated healthy prairie 
country tilled for colonization. The region offered to France in 
1856, between the Oyapock and the Carsevesme, is as large as 
three French departments ; while that claimed by France, ending 
at the Tartarougal, contains twice the area. 
_M. Condreau argues for the acceptance of the Brazilian propo- 
sition.: Arguments about rights make it clear toa hman 
that France ought to own all the country north of the Amazon as 
far as the Rio Negro, and equally clear to a Brazilian that Brazil 
owns to the Oyapock, Diplomacy has tried to settle the matter 
for two hundred years. Most of this territory has been settled by 
Brazilians, but the coast and prairies back of it are occupied only 
by Indians. He proposes a Franco-Brazilian commission to settle 
the matter. The first need is a good map. The seaboard is sub- 
Ject to continual change, especially between the Mapa and Cabo 
de Norte. During the last forty years much alluvial land - 
has been made by the rivers. Of the interior country, and of the 
Island of Maraca next to nothing is really known, 
American News.— Lieutenant Cantwell has explored the river 
Futnam to its source, 520 miles from the mouth. It rises in four 
large lakes; the largest is about 153° W. long. and 67° N. lat. 
