1886. | Migrations of Siouan Tribes. 213 
owas, learned that when they sung their mystic songs they used 
the Winnebago language. (4) A careful study of the languages 
of the Iowas, Otos and Winnebagos shows that they are very 
closely related ; indeed, time may prove the necessity of including 
them in one group instead of two. (c) We have the tradition 
given by the Prince of Nieu Wied on p. 645 of his first volume 
(German edition). (æ) Gallatin (Trans. Amer. Antiq. Soc., 1836, 
p. 127) says that the Iowas, Otos, Missouris, Omahas and Ponkas 
have a tradition that, at a distant epoch, they, together with the 
Winnebagos, came from the north; that the Winnebagos stopped 
on the banks of Lake Michigan while the rest, continuing their 
course southerly, crossed the Mississippi river and occupied the 
places in which they were found by the Europeans. (e) There is 
a Statement made in Maj. Long’s account of his expedition to the 
Rocky mountains, 1819 (ed. by James), of which the substance is 
now given: “The parent nation originally resided somewhere 
North of the great lakes. On moving southward a large body 
seceded, staying on the shore of a lake; these became the Ho- 
chan-ga-ra or Winnebagos. Another band separated from the 
main body on reaching the Mississippi—these became the Iowas 
(Pa-kho-che). At the mouth of the Missouri another band 
Stopped and made a village, hence their name, “ Ne-o-ta-che ” 
(Ni-u-t’a-chi), now called Missouris. The Otos (Wa-to-ta, lovers 
of sexual pleasure) left the nation on the Mississippi (according 
to another account they seceded from the Missouris at the mouth 
of the Missouri river) and went across the country till they struck 
the Missouri near the mouth of the Great Nemaha. Here they 
remained a long time. Thence they went up to the Platte, and after 
hunting for some time near its mouth they moved further up the 
Missouri and built a village on the right bank of that river, about 
fourteen miles below Council Bluffs, Ia. While they were there 
a band of lowas established themselves on the bank of the river, _ 
nearly opposite to them and within thirty miles of the site of the 
Omaha village, in 1819. The Otos subsequently removed to the © 
Platte, about twenty miles above the village occupied by them in 
1819, but finding the latter situation a better one, they established 
memselves there (about A. D. 1769).” 
ini =, after remaining in a village on the Lower Mis-. 
Vian: ong time, were rejoined by the band above mentioned, 
| the scaly red to the Mississippi and prones a wiae wags 
