1886.] Migrations of Siouan Tribes. 219 
nent villages), they farmed and hunted. the buffalo and other ani- 
mals. When the game became scarce in their neighborhood, 
they abandoned their villages and went north-west. On reaching 
a place near the new haunts of the game, other permanent villages 
were built and they were occupied for years. So they lived till 
they reached the Pipestone quarry (which is not given in the 
right place on the Iowa map). When they arrived at the Big 
Sioux river they built a fort. At that time.the Yankton Dakotas 
dwelt in a forest region of Minnesota, near the Mississippi, and 
were called “ Ja"/-a-ja_ni/-ka-ci’-ga, people (dwelling) in the 
woods.” By and by the Dakotas made war on the Omahas and * 
their allies, defeating them and killing about a thousand warriors. 
This obliged the three tribes to abandon their habitat. They fled 
south-west till they reached the lake where the Omahas and Pon- 
kas obtained their sacred pole. This is now called Lake Andes, 
and it is at the head of Choteau creek, Dakota. There the sacred 
Pipes were given, according to the Omaha and Ponka traditions, 
- and the present gentes were constituted. From this place they 
ascended the Missouri river till they reached White river (Ni-u’- 
ga-cu’-de). There the Iowas and Omahas remained, but the 
Ponkas crossed the Missouri near the mouth of the White river, 
and went on to the Little Missouri river and the country near the 
Black hills. They subsequently rejoined their allies and all de- 
scended the Missouri on its right bank. When they reached the 
mouth of the Niobrara river the final separation was made. The 
Ponkas remained there. The Omahas settled on Bow creek, 
Neb., which they called “ Village stream.” The Iowas advanced 
to the stream on which is situated the town of Ionia, Dixon 
county, Neb., hence its name, “ where the Iowas farmed.” By 
and by the Omahas removed to a place near Covington, Neb., 
which is opposite Sioux City (see 24 on Map1). The remains of 
this village are known as Li jafi-ga jifi-ga, and the lake near by is 
en “ Dhix-u-cpa"-u-gdhe,” because of the willows along its 
In the course of time the Iowas passed the Omahas again and 
made a village near the place where Florence, Neb., now stands. 
After that they continued southward till they reached their reser- 
vation at the Nebraska and Kansas line. The Otos were first 
E, by the Omahas, according to Mr. La Flèche, in compara- 
tively recent times on the Platte river. uad 
