228. 4 Recent Literature. | March, 
HartMan’s AnTHROPOID ApEs.—The author is well known asa 
special student of the apes, and has given us in this book per- 
haps the most authoritative and judicious work upon these crea- 
tures yet published. The illustrations are in nearly every case 
of value, and the facts are presented in a clear, simple style which 
adds weight to the author’s views. As we see nothing to criticise, 
we will draw the reader’s attention to some of the author’s state- 
ments and conclusions. 
The discussion on the ape-like characters of the lowest human 
tribes is of much present interest. Hartman shows that among 
some human races “it is impossible not to recognize a purely 
external and physical approximation to the simian type.” Yet 
old specimens of apes, especially the gorilla, differ more from 
man than the young, and the author is strongly of the opinion 
“that man cannot have descended from any of the fossil species 
which have hitherto come to our notice, nor yet from any of the 
species of apes now extant.” He adopts Vogt’s view “ that both 
types have been produced from a common ground-form, which 
is still more strongly expressed in the structure of young speci- 
mens, because the age of childhood is less advanced.” Hartman 
adds: “ This supposed progenitor of our face is necessarily com- 
pletely hypothetical, and all the attempts hitherto made to con- 
from a common ancestor. On this ground as well as from ana- 
tomical considerations, we should refer man to a distinct, special 
family. 
= Kane’s HAND-BOOK or European Butrerriies!—A handy 
little book is this for the butterfly-catcher. The introduction 
gives the best localities and the distribution of species, methods 
of capturé and of preservation when captured, apparatus, a full 
glossary of terms, arguments on seasonal dimorphism, etc. This 
is followed by fifteen plates and 149 pages of generic and specific 
criptions. A well-chosen set of abbreviations is used, and the 
work is thoroughly indexed-—Z. 
A Hand-book of European Butterflies. By W. F. pe VisMES KANE, M.A. 
M.R.I.A. London, Macmillan & Co., 1885. z 
