1886. ] The Stone Ax in Vermont. 333 
any direction under the conditions given, contain the vital 
elements. 
As an explanation of soaring birds the facts of the transforma- 
tion of gravity into air disturbance, and the results flowing there- 
from as stated, are pertinent. To invalidate that explanation it 
must be shown : 
1. That such transformation does not take place. 
2. That-no such results as those given are possible. 
:0: 
THE STONE AX IN VERMONT: 
BY PROFESSOR GEO. H. PERKINS, 
II—NoTcHED AND GROOVED AXES. 
N all our collections we find a few axes which are notched or 
grooved across the narrow sides. They are not common in 
any portion of Vermont, nor, if we may judge from what has 
been published by various writers, do they appear to be abundant 
anywhere in the United States. 
As was noticed in the preceding article we are able to arrange 
Our specimens in such a manner that there is a very complete 
series from the simplest celt, through the notched ax, to the fully 
grooved ax, and it seems quite probable that the notched ax was 
the second step in the development of the ax from the simply 
edged pebble. The form of the notched ax is more s that of 
the common celt than is that of the grooved 5 
ax. In fact some of the notched axes are 
nothing else than celts notched at the sides, 
and they are never so large and heavy as are 
Many of the grooved axes. 
A type of these axes is shown in Fig. 1, 
which represents a common form, about one- 
half the natural size. 
. Asarule these axes are not more than 
four or five inches long and two or three 
Wide. They are usually well shaped, neither 
rude nor clumsy, and the surface is smooth 
9r perhaps polished. The form of some is 
mh as to eee the adze, and it seems 
