500° - The Making of Man. [June, 
defense. They will break off limbs and twigs and,make them- — 
selves beds with great rapidity, but this seems the utmost limit 
of their constructive powers. he 
As for the animal from which man descended, it must have 
quickly gone further than this in the use of artificial weapons and 
in the arts of construction. Possibly its first- assumption of the 
erect attitude may have been aided by the use of a staff, and if 
so, this would naturally be employed as a club or a spear on 
occasion. Through uses of this kind the arms would gradually 
become educated to their new duties, and gain facility in im- 
portant movements which were impossible while they were forced 
to retain their locomotive adaptation. 
This line of argument need not be carried further. It is evi- 
dent that we have here the beginning of a new course of develop- 
ment whose end is yet in the future. The freedom of the arms 
and hands from the duty of support, their grasping power, and 
the use of artificial weapons and tools, were unquestionably main 
elements in the evolution of man. For under such circumstances 
the employment of artificial instruments would naturally be 
progressive. There would be no limitation to this progress from 
the necessity of using the arms for other duties, and such struc- 
tural limitation as may have originally existed must gradually 
have disappeared, through increasing performance of and grow- 
ing adaptation of the arms and hands to these new duties. The 
| use of clubs in attack and defense, and of stone missiles for the 7 
same purposes, might readily have been adopted by an ape et 
constituted, and modern archzologists do not hesitate to trace all 
subsequent development in the arts to just such a simple begi- 
ning. Rudely chipped stones are found as early weapons of 
= primitive man. Naturally shaped stone weapons undoubtedly 
_ preceded them, | 
= Whether one or more species attained this bipedal develop- 
_ ment is a question not easily settled. It is almost certain that 
_ there was one only. Yet, if so, variations in the structure of this 
_ original biped must have taken place at an early date, possibly €r 
_ it became a full biped and began to strongly resist the molding 
- tural differences between the principal races of mankind. ; 
influences of nature, if we may judge from the essential struc 
e : 3 Yet highly favorable as was the structural development of o = 
original man, it needs no extended consideration of the subject 
