thas? ; y i ; hen lt 
Pes ee E : beret Ms 
reat ae 5 
a 
7 
_ Which has bee laar. 
And with it began his still increasing control of the energies of 
Possessed by the apes, with an advancing skill in the use of ate 
1886,] The Making of Man. : 503 
the rest of the band being composed of females and young, 
There is more evidence in favor of the chimpanzees combining 
in larger groups, yet this does not appear to be their usual habit, 
Reade remarks that both these species, without being gregarious, 
Sometimes seem to assemble in large numbers. Unfortunately 
very little satisfactory information is possessed as to their habits 
in a state of nature, i 
These large apes are also strictly vegetarian. They lack the 
incitement to intellectual development arising from carnivorous 
habits. On the whole, then, their marked powers of intellect are 
somewhat surprising. It is. probable, if we may judge from the 
habits of the lower monkeys, that the anthropoids descended 
from social species, and have in part lost their social habits. This — 
is also indicated by the fact that the young of these anthropoid. 
apes seem more inclined to socialism than do the adults. It is 
also shown in the higher socialism of the gibbons, the existing 
representatives of the primitive anthropoids. 
If we seek, then, for the ancestors of man in the family of 
apes, we must look for a species possessed of several essential 
requisites, all of which can be found in no existing apes. These 
requisites, as considered in the preceding pages, may be briefly 
summarized, 
The ancestor of man must have been of sufficient size and 
Weight both to render continued life in the trees inconvenient and 
to give the necessary strength to combat with the perils of a 
Surface life. His strength, indeed, must have been sufficient, 
combined with his cunning, to make him a match for the larger 
animals, He must have been aggressive as well as defensive, and ae 
ginally carnivorous must have become so in a degree. 
Strictly herbivorous habits would have tended to check mental 
development. 
h 
Second, and yet more important, was the assumption of an — 
erect attitude, and of a true biped structure, with the complete — 
freeing of the fore limbs from duty in locomotion. There natu- 
rally followed upon this an increase of that use of missiles already 
n so essential a feature in the progress of m 
