538 Recent Literature. [June, 
/ 
Tue FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SUR- 
vEY.—Besides the usual reports showing the progress in the sur- 
vey by the different members, the body of the volume is filled 
by the following memoirs: Hawaiian volcanoes, by Capt. C. E. 
Dutton; Abstract of report on the mining geology of the Eu- 
reka district, Nevada, by J. S. Curtis; Popular fallacies regarding 
the precious metal ore deposits, by A. Williams, Jr.; A-review of 
the fossil Ostreidæ of North America, by Dr. C. A. White; A 
geological reconnaissance in Southern Oregon, by I. C. Russell. 
Having already called attention to Dr. White’s valuable essay, 
we would briefly notice Capt. Dutton’s elaborate account of the 
volcanoes of the Hawaiian islands. Besides detailed descriptions, 
accompanied by excellent illustrations and maps, of Kilauea an 
Mauna Loa, the author also describes Mauna Kea and the old 
_ extinct volcano of Kohala and the lava fields of Hualalai. 
The descriptions of the mountains and lava streams and beds : 
are careful and the facts presented will be important to the stu- i 
dent of vulcanism. The author does not regard Kilauea as a 
crater, but considers the depression in that mountain, which he, 
designates a caldera, as due to the “dropping of a block of the 
mountain crust which once covered a reservoir of lava, this reser- 
voir being tapped and drained by eruptions occurring at muc 
lower levels.” 3 
Acknowledging that volcanic action and regional uplifting are 
really associated phenomena, the author states that the cause 1S 
mysterious, the attempted solutions not standing criticism, thoug! 
suggesting that the effects are due to expansion of the earths 
crust in the region involved. + 
The three plates which we are allowed to reproduce from " 
volume, will convey some idea of the grandeur and beauty 
this volcanic region. 
ee a E ee ee E E E ER AE ee E E MR 
Professor F. Jeffrey Bell, and there has been a number of changes 
in = To . Z E 
_ sor E. von Martens, from the first the recorder of Mollusca p 
: Crustacea, has been obliged to resign. His place 1s taken P 
