Zoology. , 561 
utest organisms acts in detail has for me, and for most biologists, 
F i nearer to a knowledge of how the most living part of the min- 
' an increasing fascination.” 
Brue Cotor oF AnImAts.—Professor F. Leydig says that a blue 
granular pigment is rarely found in animals; in the crayfish, for 
example, there are blue crystals. The blue color is more often 
due to interference, owing to the presence of lamellæ, or to the 
fibrils of connective tissue, as in the tapetum fibrosum of the eye 
of ruminants ; the corium of the living larva of Pelobates fuscus 
-is similarly blue. A dull material overlying black pigment pro- 
duces blue, as in the case of blue eyes, which are due to the urea 
shining through the non-pigmented iris, andin some frogs. Dark 
chromatophores have a like effect, as has too the swelling of the 
corium consequent on the filling of the lymph-spaces. In conclu- 
sion, the author discusses the tegumentary secretions, which are of 
various colors, and which can be washed away ; an example is to 
be seen in the celestial blue color of the abdomen of Libellula de- 
fressa and, perhaps, the “bloom” of the pupa of the Apollo but- 
terfly. On the other hand,the coloring matter may be in cells of 
the epidermis, as is the case with the rosy color of Tetrao uro- 
gallus, and can then, of course, only be removed after the de- 
struction of the tissue which contains it— Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., 
April, 1886. 
cad 
y 
gon, in the proportion of 103 to 2, liked blue and avoided ae 
E ias Spinachia, like fresh-water fishes, prefers darkness in 
results.—/Journ, Roy. Micr. Soc., April, 1886. 2 : 
fot Sacrum or Menopoma—In a récent paper read be- 
pek i the Biological Society of Washington, Mr. F. A. Lucas aoe o 
fhe tion to the fact that the figure of the pelvis of Menopoma in oe 
F cle Amphibia, ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, 4 
Proportion of 78 to 6, and Syngnathus acus gave somewhat = 
similar se: 7 Syng or 
