History of Celery. 603 
Pinaeus, 1561; Pena and Lobel, 1570; Gerarde, 1597; Clusius 
rar. plant., 1601; Dodonaeus, pempt., 1616; or in Bauhin’s Pinax, 
: 1623. Parkinson’s Paradisus, 1629, mentions Sellery as a rarity, 
and names it Apium dulce. Ray in his Historia plantarum, 1686, 
says the smallage transferred to culture becomes milder and less 
ungrateful, whence in Italy and France the leaves and stalks are 
` esteemed as delicacies, eaten with oil and pepper. The Italians 
call this variety Sceleri or Celeri. The French also use the vege- 
table and the name. He adds that in English gardens the culti- 
vated form often degenerates into smallage. Quintyne, who 
Wrote’ prior to 1697, the year in which the third edition of his | 
Complete Gardener was published, says, in France “we know 
but one sort of it.” Celeri is mentioned, however, as Apium 
dulce, Celeri Italorum in Hort. Reg. Par., 1665 ;? in 1778 Mawe 
and Abercrombie note two sorts of celery in England, one with 
the stalks hollow and the other with the stalks solid; but in 
1726 Townsend? distinguished the celeries as smallage, and sel- 
lery, and the latter he says should be planted “ for Winter Sallads, 
because it is very hot.” Tingburg* says celery is common among 
| the richer classes in Sweden, and is preserved in cellars for win- 
ter use. In 1806 M’Mahon® mentions four sorts in his list of 
: garden esculents for American use. It is curious that no men- 
1 tion of a plant that can suggest celery occurs in Bodaeus and 
ligers edition of Theophrastus, published at Amsterdam in- 
1644. : 
The summary of our investigation hence is, that we find no 
clear evidence that smallage was grown by the ancients as a food - 
= ` Plant, but that if planted at all it was for medicinal use. The — 
: first mention of cultivation as a food plant that I note is by Oli- à 
: vier de Serres, 1623, who calls it ache, while Parkinson speaks of 
celery in 1629, and Ray indicates the cultivation as commencing : 
lly and extending to France ‘and England. Targigni-Toz- 
zetti states, however, as a certainty that celery was begun to be 
rown in Tuscany in the sixteenth century. The hollow celery 
s Stated by Mawe® to have been the original kind, and is claimed _ 
by Cobbett? even as late as 1821 as being the best. | : 
2 704, 
Sone Inst., 1719, 305. 
ba. Sulin., 1764, 25. 
eM ete nad F waa Kalendar. 
: TAmec S Abercrombie. Gardener, 1778. 
! American Gardener, y 
