are not cultural in their beginnings. 
_ that I have previously shown to hold true for the dandelion, 
_ earth up for the purpose of blanching and we should expe 
gain increased weight to the leaf-stalks; a long-continued ven? 
„tion of the best plants for seed-growers would gradually ae 
_ in forming the solid stalked; the growing of varieties fro 
604 ; History of Celery. ~ gi 
The first celeries grown seem to have differed but little from 
the wild plant, and the words celery and [cultivated] smallage 
‘were apparently nearly synonymous at one time, as we find culti- 
vated ache spoken of in 1623 in France, and at later dates Petit 
celeri or celeri a couper,a vatiety with hollow stalks cultivated 
even at the present time for use of the foliage in soups an 
broths. Among the earlier varieties we find mention of hollow- 
stalked, stalks sometimes hollow, and solid-stalked forms ; at the 
present time the hollow-stalked forms have become discarded. 
Vilmorin! describes thirteen sorts as distinct and worthy of cul- 
ture in addition to the celeri a couper, but in all there is this to be 
noted, we have but one type. 
A curious circumstance is that smallage took on the appear- 
ance of celery before its use was commonly recorded, if at all, as a 
salad plant, as is evidenced by the drawings herewith reproduced 
in reduced form. The first drawing is substantially the same as that 
in Fuchsius, 1542; Tragus, 1552; Pinaeus, 1561; Tabernaemom 
tanus ic., 1590, or Gerarde, 1597, and Dodonaeus, 1616, and is 
taken from Matthiolus’ Commentaries, 1558; this represents the 
common expression of the herbalists as to the appearance of 
Apium palustre at this time. The second picture is from Came- 
rarius’ Epitome of Matthiolus, 1586, and represents the form we 
call celery, but hollow stalked as at first noticed. The third pic- 
ture is taken from Decaisne and Naudin’s Manuel de l'amateur. 
des jardins, and represents the unblanched plant of one of our 
most improved varieties. These pictures suggest the same ideas 
viZ., 
` that our improved strains originated from natural sources, an 
e the wild smallage, transfer to fertile soil and protect from 
crowding, and we should expect increase of size to the woe 
m the 
earliest seed would tend. toward earliness ; the occasional grow- 
taining a curled-leaf form with dwarf habit, etc. 
say that all our celeries in form are not changed from the orig- 
