| 922 Comparative Studies upon the Glaciation of [November, 
turns southward and is magnificently developed on the eastern 
side of the mountains, at an elevation of over 1000 feet between 
Minera and Llangollen, south-west of which place it enters Eng- 
land. There is evidence that where the ice-sheet abutted against 
Wales it was about 1350 feet in thickness. This is analogous to the 
thickness of the ice-sheet in Pennsylvania, where the author had 
previously shown that it was about 1000 feet in thickness at its 
extreme edge and 2000 feet thick at points some eight miles back 
from its edge. The transport of erratics coincides with the direc- 
tion of striæ in Wales as elsewhere, and is at right angles to the 
terminal moraines. 
The complicated phenomena of the glaciation of England, the l 
subject of a voluminous literature and discordant views, had been 
of high interest to the author, and had led him to redouble his 
efforts toward its solution, He had found that it was possible 
‘to accurately map the glaciated areas, to separate the deposits 
` made by land ice from those due to icebergs or to torrential 
rivers, and to trace out a series of terminal moraines, both at the 
edge of the ice-sheet and at the edge of its confluent lobes. Per- 
haps the finest exhibition of a terminal moraine in England is m 
the vicinity of Ellesmere, in Shropshire. A great mass of drift 
several miles in width and full of erratics from Scotland and 
from Wales, is here heaped into conical hills which enclose 
“kettle holes” and lakes, and have all the characters of the 
kettle moraines” of Wisconsin, Like the latter, the Elles- 
‘mere moraine here divides two great lobes of ice, one comms 
from Scotland the other from Wales. This moraine may be 
- traced continuously from Ellesmere eastward through Hadeley, , 
Macclesfield, to and along the western flank of the Pennine chain, 
Es 
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‘ern England. From Macclesfield the same moraine was trae 
‘northward past Stockport and Staley bridge to a 
thence to Skipton in Yorkshire. Northeast of Binn 2 
banked against the Boulsworth hills up to a height of 1500 i 
in the form of mounds and hummocks. South and east r th 
or g moraine no signs of glaciation were discovered, while w 
nd west of it there is every evidence of a continuous ice- i 
vering land and sea alike. The strie and the ne ae 
rs agree in proving a southerly and south-easterly dire? 
e-movement in Lancashire and Cheshire. — E 
