956 Recent Literature. [ November, 
States. The topographic and geological surveys of the various 
countries are next taken up separately, commencing with Great 
Britain and its colonies. In Asia only one independent country, 
Japan, seems to have topographic and geologic surveys. Those 
which were inaugurated by Brazil, the United States of Colombia, 
Ecuador, Peru, Costa Rica, San Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico 
were all stopped at the date of the writing ‘of the report. The 
maps include one of the world, showing the areas which have been 
trigonometrically surveyed, a more detailed map of the European 
surveys, and another of the United States, and several sections 
from the topographic maps of various European countries. he 
advantages of the various methods of representing relief can be 
studied by comparing the hachures illuminated by oblique light 
of the Swiss atlas with those illuminated by vertical light of that 
of Russia, and both with the system of curves adopted in the 
Spanish survey. The section from Siegfried’s atlas of Switzerland 
gives the slighter elevations in curves, the higher in hachures, and 
fulfills its purpose admirably. In the maps of Saxony curves and 
crayon shading are used, while in that of France five colors are 
used in combination with contour lines. There is unfortunately 
a lack of references to enable one unversed in all the varieties of 
topographic representation to understand them. The necessity 
of a consensus on the subject is evident. 
THE MORPHOGENY oF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN IN THE AMNI- 
ota—In this brochure of thirty pages Dr. Baur gives a historical 
review of the opinions of anatomists as to the homologies of the 
vertebral segments, which are most easily distinguished among 
the Rhachitomous Batrachia. There have been three different 
j those of von Meyer, Cope and Gaudry. 
ker. Von Meyer regarded the intercentrum in Archegosaums 
as an inferior vertebral arch, corresponding below, to the neura 
arch above. Cope believed it to be a distinct body, intercalated 
between the true centra, which he regarded as represented by the 
two pleurocentra. Gaudry thought that the pleurocentra and inter- 
centrum together form a centrum, and he therefore names Copes 
intercentrum “ hypocentrum.” Dr. Baur shows Cope’s "E 
the correct one on various grounds. Among these 1S ; 
double bilateral origin of the true centrum in Vertebra, as show? 
_ by Müller, Roseberg, Albrecht and Froriep. — 
EN U. ORDNUNGEN DES TurEerReIcHs IN WORT es 
G. Bronn; Reptilien, fortgesetzt von Dr. C. 
Ueber die Morphogenieder Wirbelsaiile der Amnioten. Von Dr. BAUR. Biologische 
