1886, ] } Entomology. 975 
Forel in the antennæ of ants as a “ microscopic stethoscope.” In* 
1879 Graber described a new otocyst-like sense-organ in the anten- 
4 nz of flies (20) which was accompanied by a complete list of all the 
conceivable forms of auditory organs in Arthropods. In this work 
Graber described in Musca and other Diptera closed otocysts 
with otoliths and auditory hairs, as Lespé had previously done. 
ut Paul Mayer, in two essays (21, 53) refuted this view in a criti- 
cism of the opinion of Berté, referring the “ otocysts with oto- 
liths ” to the well-known antennal pits into which trachee might 
Pass. Mayer did not decide on the function of the hairs which 
extend to the bottom of the pits; while in the most recent re- 
Physiological experiments and detailed anatomical investigations 
Hauser sought to prove his hypothesis as Pierret, Erichson, Slater, 
Point of view. Ina purely anatomical aspect, especially promi- 
nent are his discovery of the singularly formed nerve-rods in the 
Pits and peg-like teeth of the Hymenoptera and their develop- 
ment, as well as the assertion that numerous hairs in the pits de- 
scribed by Leydig, Meyer, etc., should be considered as direct 
terminations of nervous fibers passing into the pits. In the pits he 
: rther, with Erichson, notices a serous fluid, which may serve as 
a medium for the perception of smells. Among the latest arti- 
cles on this subject are those of Künckel and Gazagnaire (41) 
which are entire anatomical, while the latest treatise of Graber on 
the organs of hearing in insects! opposes Hick’s theory of the 
olfactory function of the nerve-end apparatus in the halters, wings, 
Stc., and argues for the auditory nature of these structures. Fin- 
Smell is not localized, but spread over the whole body. 
Coxat GLANDS IN SPIDERS AND PERHAPS Insects.— Professor 
P. Bertkau reports that in a specimen of Atypus he has been able 
to find a distinct efferent duct for the coxal gland; it is surround- 
ed by the same fibrous plexus as the gland itself; in six other 
Specimens the duct was not to be found, though the orifice was 
n. This rare phenomenon may either be explained by sup- 
Posing that there was an abnormal retention of an organ which is 
in other cases absorbed, or, it may be suggested, that in adult 
_ *Xamples the efferent duct is regenerated from time to time, in 
Which case the coxal gland would not be arudimentary organ, 
. but One that is intermittently functional; the constant presence 
~ "he orifice is an argument in favor of the latter hypothesis. It 
rer: Ueber die Chordotonalen Sinnesorgane der Insekten. Archiv. f. mi- 
ATosk, Anat. XX, 506-640. XXI, 65-145, 1881, 1882. 
“8gliche Rundschau. Zeitung fiir Nichtpolitiker, 1882, September (?). 
