Recent Changes in Goud Mining 
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rill Mine on Carraway Creek 3 miles west of Sophia. The 
old workings are said to show a zone 1-2 mile long which is 
composed principally of clay to a depth of 50 or 60 feet. 
Theie are eight long cross-cut trenches and many test pits 
have been made which are said to have given ore running 
from SI. 50 to $1.90 per ton. 
Near Newton, Catawba County, one of the machines is 
being installed to work a property said to be similar to the 
Shuford Mine in the same county. 
From information obtained by observation in the field and 
tests in the laboratory, it would seem that this Modern Pul- 
verizing and Concentrating machine is adapted for certain 
ores such as those of the Shuford Mine and that with certain 
modifications as have been worked out by Mr. McCutcheon, 
the machine can be adapted to still other ores. It is neces- 
sary, however, to make a careful study of the ore and to 
adjust the machine to each particular ore before it can be 
determined whether or not the machine will save the gold; 
and a machine should not be accepted or discarded until the 
ore has been thoroughly tested to ascertain whether or not 
the machine can be adapted to that particular ore. 
SQUARE SETS. 
The second change in mining practice of great importance 
to the gold mining industry in North Carolina is the intro- 
duction of square set timbering in the extraction of soft deep 
ore bodies. This method was introduced by Mr. H. L. Gris- 
wold, superintendent of the Union Copper Company’s mine at 
Gold Hill, N. C. In former mining the old stopes were held 
open by miscellaneous timbering such as stulls, lock sets and 
truss sets. Such methods were not satisfactory and prevent- 
ed the stoping of the ore in the most economical manner. By 
the introduction of the western square set-method of timber- 
ing, the stoping of the ore is being done safely, completely 
and economically. The sets are made of 8 x 8 inch sawed 
oak and the mine carpenter can usually easily frame enough 
timber for this work in about one-eighth of his time. The 
