1908] 
Notes on the Life-Zones 
15 
Blowing Rock), Bald Mountain in Yancey County, and the higher 
mountains in the vicinity of Highlands in Macon County, — 
although it is practically certain that more extended collecting 
and observation will show that this same zone includes also the 
tops of some other mountains, especially the Balsams, Mount 
Toxaway, and Pisgah Ridge. This zone does not extend below 
an elevation of 4,500 feet. The animals known to occur in this 
zone in this state and which do not normally extend into the zones 
of lower elevation, are named below. We include those species of 
birds whose nesting habitat is in this zone, though the same birds 
may of course be found in other zones when not nesting. 
Mammals: 
Carolina Red-backed Mouse (Evotomys Carolinensis) . 
Canadian Deer-mouse (Peromyscus canadensis) . 
Woodland Jumping-Mouse (Napaeozapus insignis). 
Birds (breeding) : 
Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) . 
Red-breasted Nut-hatch (Sitta canadensis) . 
Brown Creeper (Certhia familiaris). 
Winter Wren (Olbiorchilus hyemalis) . 
American Cross-bill (Loxian minor) . 
Pine Siskin (Spinus tristis) . 
Carolina Junco (Junco hyemalis carolinensis). 
Batrachians: 
Black Salamander (Desmognathus nigra) . 
Purple Salamander (Spelerpes porphyriticus) . 
Yellow Salamander (Desmognathus ochrophea) . 
2. The Alleghanian Zone embraces a large part of our moun- 
tain region, including practically all between the elevations of 
2,500, and 4,500 feet. In our map we have conservatively 
restricted this zone to the higher known ranges. We have record 
l of the following species which are characteristic of this zone as con- 
trasted with the more highly-elevated Canadian zone : 
Mammals: 
Common Flying-squirrel ( Seiuropterus volans), 
