TLE. 163 



Worm-uests in cattle appear to be unknown in Great 

 Britain, and, with such complete examinations as have 

 been made, can hardly have escaped notice if present in 

 South Africa. It therefore follows that if the natural host 

 of the parasite is one of the breeds of common domestic 

 cattle, the worm-nests may be present to-day in Indian 

 cattle, whilst if the buffalo is that host, then those of Timor 

 and allied parts should contain them. As already stated, 

 our own observations show that Filaria (Onchocerca) 

 (jibsoni or a closely allied worm exists to-day in Indian 

 camels, a fact which, (judging from a reference, in a recent 

 Indian report by A. S. Leese, i.c.v.d., 1 to the finding of 

 them, under the term "Spiroptera Dodales," by one of us 

 in Western Australia), has not so far been recorded there. 



Popular Nomenclature.-Amougst slaughtermen and 

 those engaged in the meat trade, the nodules are known 

 under such names as " stone-bruises " (from the supposition 

 that they are due to injuries from lying on stony ground. or 

 perhaps from the density of the outer capsule), " white- 

 kernels" or "kernels" (as distinct from lymphatic glands), 

 "worm-nests" and "worm-knots," whilst the public are 

 apt to view them as "cancers." 



Macroscopic Appearances.-In living cattle, when the 

 nodules are large or directly under the skin, they may 

 actually be visible as rounded projections in the neighbour- 

 hood of the brisket or other parts and especially so if on 

 the limbs. In one of the camels, a worm-nest was distinctly 

 visible in the neck as a swelling the size of a walnut. 



On examining the carcases of slaughtered cattle hanging 

 up in an abattoir, the larger worm-nests at once attract 

 attention as tense, firm, rounded projections embedded in 

 tiie subcutaneous tissues or in the superficial layers of 



the year ending 31st March, 1909. ' 



