PALEONTOLOGY. 



(1.) Permo-Carboniferous, Upper Marine S 

 considering the relations of different sedimentary J 

 to each other, and the various changes in the geography 

 of any one district during one geological period, too much 

 attention cannot be paid to fossils. In the Shoalhaven and 

 neighbouring districts, the geologist is perhaps very fortu- 

 nate, for the conditions which prevailed during the depo- 

 sition of that division of the great Permo-Carboniferous 

 epoch, known as the Upper Marine Series, are very clearly 

 portrayed, and the localities in which fossils occur numer- 

 ous, and the fossils themselves well preserved. So that 

 here at least it is possible to a fairly large extent, to cor- 

 relate the fossils with the geographical changes which 

 have taken place, and to form an estimate of the conditions 

 under which they lived. 



Most of the fossils obtained are marine in character, and 

 come from the two formations known as the Wandrawandian 

 Series and the Nowra Grits. These are the intermediate 

 divisions of the Upper Marine Series, the whole of that 

 formation being divided in the Southern Districts into the 

 following subdivisions in ascending order :— 



(1) Conjola Beds. 



(2) Wandrawandian Series. 



(3) Nowra Grits. 



(4) Gerringong Series (Syn. Crinoidal Series, Nowra to 



Berry Shales). 

 In the first three of these formations, but little collecting 

 has yet been done, while on the other hand the Gerringong 

 Series have received considerable attention from the very 

 earliest of Australian and other noted geologists, and 

 their outcrops on Cambewarra Mountain, Gerringong, and 

 WbUongong have all been prospected by many collectors, 

 notably the Rev. W. B. Clarke. Consequently, though 



