stationary character as well as to their comparative fer- 

 tility. The sand of the dunes is highly calcareous and 

 fragments of shells form a large percentage of it. An 

 analysis of a typical sample gave the following figures :— 



Organic matter 11-59 



Insoluble residue 58*58 



A1 2 3 and Pe 2 3 2"69 



S0 3 -35 



P.O, -403 



MgO 7*10 



CaO 14-80 



Undetermined 4*48 



100*00 



The dune limestone, which is the consolidated dun< -and. 

 is in many places of considerable thickness and hardness. 

 It is horizontally bedded, and only outcrops on the flanks 

 of the steeper dunes. In texture it is uniformly coarse 

 grained, the fragments being more or less closely cemented 

 with secondary calcite. The subject of the sand dunes 

 would not be complete without a reference to what is known 

 locally as the "Sand-Blow" on Stokes' Point, the extreme 

 southern projection of the island. This is a dune area of 

 large dimensions, which in recent years has become denuded 

 of vegetation and is now in the usual shifting state of sand 

 hills. The wind has exposed many interesting sub-fossil 

 remains, notably those of an emu and a wombat, types of 

 fauna recently extinct on the island. The bones are not very 

 well preserved, but they have been well exploited by Mr. 

 James Bowling of Surprise Bay, and have been examined 

 and described in I'ndVssur Baldwin Spencer, Mr. Kershaw 

 and others. The shifting sand has also laid bare large 

 numbers of calcified root casts and even complete butts of 

 trees, a fact which supports the theory that the dunes go 



