12 EINAR LÖNNBERG, ANAT0M1CAL NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN MA MM ALS. 



coil, but in the otlier the first centrifugal half-coil is bent back on the following 

 centrifugal half-coil. Beddard thinks that »there is no common basal form from 

 wliich might arise either type of spiral». According to him the difference between 

 i hese two types of colic spirals is thns very fundamental. This appears, however, 

 hardly possible when of nearly related forms one displays the first and another the 

 second type as for instance Cephalophus dorsalis and C. maxwélli according to Bed- 

 dard, and Madoqua philippsi (according to Beddard) and Rhynchotragus guentheri 

 wroughUmi (as described above). Even if in the former case the animals should not 

 be so closely related as is general ly supposed, they cannot stånd very widely apart 

 genetically speaking. The same is also the case with Madoqua and Rhynchotragus. 

 They cannot ha ve very remote common ancestors. »What is wanted», Beddard 

 says, »is a simple spiral of a negative character which with further growth might 

 evolve into either type.» Such a primitive form is found in the foetus. In a foetus 

 of this Rhynchotragus I have found the colic spinal consist of 1 Va centripetal and 

 1 ' 2 centrifugal coils. 



The kidney of this Dik-dik is short and simple being provided with only a 

 single papilla in the calyx. 



A buck of Gazella granli had 2 1 2 centripetal, and 2 centrifugal colic coils. 



In a foetus of the same species there can be seen 13 alternating pairs of palatal 

 folds, the three posterior are, however, rather faintly developed. 



An Impala buck (Mpyceros melampus rendilis) from Guaso Nyiri was found to 

 have a roundish papilla incisiva and behind the same about 18 pair of crenulated 

 palatal folds which extended to the interspace between the last premolars. 



The papillce vallatoe were about 12 on either side in two somewhat irregular 

 rows. The papillai fungiformes were scattered on the sides of the tongue. 



The colon had 3 centripetal, and 2*,2 centrifugal coils. 



The Gerenuk (Lithocranius walleri) nas long hairy lips very similar in appeara net- 

 to those of the Giraffe. The comparatively very long palate is provided with not 

 less than 23 palatal folds which are only little crenulated. They extend baekwards 

 to opposite the second premolar. A simple row of 6 to 9 papillce vaUatae parallel to 

 the edge of the tongue is seen on either side. Some of t hem are, however, similar 

 to the neighbouring papillai fungiformes. 



The paunch of the Gerenuks wliich I shot contained leaves and some small 

 resinous fruits, or berries which grevv on a bush. 



The p8alterium was small and contained only a single system of folds. This 

 organ is t lins very simple, almost less eoinplieated than in the small DniUers 1 (Ce- 

 phalophus). 



The liver of an adnlt male Gerennk measnred I!) II em. The lett lobe had 



a breadtb of '.) em. Ldbus caudatus was three-sided and capped the kidney. The 

 Spigelian lobe was rounded, thns of the »oviform» type. The gall-bladder was small 

 and did not. reacb the free edge <>| the liver. 



1 Conf. Lönnberg: Material for the Btudj "t Etaminants. \"\;i äcta l>'<'u Soc. 8c. (Jpaala. Ber. III. 

 1903, p. 18 A 19. 



