KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 48. N:0O 5. 117 
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The height at the shoulders could not be measured because I could not straighten 
the forelegs of the animal. 
The iris was 23 mm. and the pupil 11 mm. 
Twelve centimetres above the posterior corner of the eye the orifice of a gland 
opened with a duct about wide enough to admit a common lead pencil. But it was 
almost plugged with a number of broken thorns of acacias and similar small twigs. 
I heard from CUNNINGHAME that the Elephants, so to say, perspire from this gland 
sometimes so that a dark and damp spot is seen on the forehead round the orifice. 
A similar statement has also been made by F. C. SELous! who observes that such 
a wetting of the skin around the gland always appears »after a run in the hot sun>. 
In the Indian Elephant the corresponding gland has been regarded as a scent 
gland which principally works at the rutting season. 
As I have material of this gland preserved I hope to be able at another op- 
portunity to publish some notes of its structure which may give some information 
about its function. 
This Elephant was a middle aged and medium sized animal, a herd bull so to 
say. The testes contained ripe sperms which have been described by G. RETZIUS.” 
They proved to be even comparatively speaking very small, »ungefähr von der Grösse 
derjenigen des Menschen, welche schon an sich als klein zu betrachten sind» (1. c. p. 3). 
The propagation of the Elephants at this place appeared to be normal as the 
females seen were accompanied by young. Once about a dozen female Elephants 
with »calves> of varying size passed our camp. At another opportunity SJÖGREN and 
CUNNINGHAME came unawares near two females with small young. The Elephants 
charged with a squeal and CUNNINGHAME had to shoot one of them in self defense. 
To judge from the spoor the bulls went mostly single or by twos. Some tracks in- 
dicated animals which were larger than the one shot by me. 
When one sees the leafless dry thornbush it does not look inviting to any 
animal, and it appears impossible that such animals as Elephants shall be able to 
find their food there. The question is near at hand, what can they feed on? Tf 
one follows a fresh spoor of an Elephant it is soon seen that he is not very parti- 
cular in this respect. Sometimes he has twisted off the top of a bush and put in 
his mouth chewing it all but dropping pieces of twigs now and then. Sometimes he 
has torn off a branch of an acacia (those with greenish yellow bark appear to be 
preferred) thick as an arm, and it all wanders the same way under the powerful 
1 Conf. LYDEKKER: The Game Animals of Africa, p. 16. 
2 Biol. Untersuchungen N. F., Bd. XVI, p. 3. 
