30 CARL SKOTTSBERG, MARINE ALGiE 1. PHJEOPHYCEiE. 



The bladders bear gametangia in large irregular sori that sometimes cover 

 nearly the entire surface. Even a still solid wart may produce gametangia, fig. 12 g. 

 With the gametangia occur large sterile cells, conical sacs filled with a dark brown 

 mäss of unknovvn composition. 



The anatomical structure of the bladder is entirely the same as in the solid 

 branches, the monosiphonous Chordaria-structure. Fig. 12 g shows a length section 

 through a branch of the horizontai thallus, where a protuberance has been formed. It 

 is covered with gametangia but still solid. The structure can be followed throughout. 

 Fortunately, I have found a new character making it possible to identify large, loose 

 bladders with smaller ones in obvious connection with solid branches: the hairs. 

 They are very scarce and were overlooked before. They are sunk into deep pits, 

 and should be explained as terminating a cell row, see fig. 12 f. 



There is a remarkable likeness between Caipidum and Chordaria abietina Rupb. 

 I have seen much of the latter on the Pacific coast of North America and I have 

 been able to confirm the existence of true gametangia on the erect shoots, where 

 everybody would expect sporangia. I have also discovered hairs of exactly the 

 same appearance as in Ccepidum, on the horizontai thallus. 



There can be no doubt as to the nature of the gametangia in Ccepidium. On 

 old bladders they have disappeared, leaving the conical sterile cells still standing. 

 Do the »Chordaria »-and »Colpomenia» -shoots represent two alternating generations, 

 or do the horizontai thalli bear both kinds together? The question is not so easily 

 answered, as the crusts overgrow and overlap each other making it very difficult to 

 separate the various specimens. While the »Chordaria »-shoots are confined to the 

 summer months, the others are found both winter and summer, which is a little 

 puzzling. I am inclined to believe that they occur on different individuals. In the 

 rich material from St. 3 I did not observe a single thallus with both sporangia and 

 gametangia; the same was the case in St. 8; only once a branch was found bearing 

 erect shoots and one small wart, solid and sterile. 



In Ant. Meeresalg. I I expressed the view that bladders of Ccepidium had 

 been mistaken for Colpomenia sinuosa, a species reported from the subantarctic regions. 

 Cotton, Crypt. Falkl. p. 168 remarks on Ccepidium: »Having regard to the wealth 

 of material studied by Skottsberg, one would be inclined to accept his conclusion 

 in spite of its being so unexpected. Dr.YEiSDO, however, who has examined Agaedh's 

 material, assures me that he cannot accept Skottsberg^ interpretation of the genus. 

 The type according to Yendo is a Chordaria which possesses creeping branches 

 and upright shoots. One specimen lacks the upright branches but the other has 

 several and resembles very much an old and nearly decayed plant of Chordaria 

 abietina. Yendo maintains that the bladder-like fronds are quite distinct from the 

 so-called fertile axis, and that they consist of young plants of Colpomenia sinuosa 

 or an allied species. In view of Dr. Yendo's intimate knowledge of the life history 

 of both Chordaria and Colpomenia in the North Pacific, I feel bound to accept his 

 conclusion, and believe that Dr. Skottsberg must have been misled, as have other 

 observers in similar cases, by the intimate connection of höst and epiphyte. As it 



