4 NILS HJ. ODHNER, MOLLUSCA. 
doing so one gains on the one hand the possibility of judging of the frequency of 
the species, on the other, a means of comparing its size with that attained in other 
localities. Generally, however, in faunistic works the lists of species contain only 
the bare names and the localities, though the value of the works would be consid- 
erably enhanced if the number and maximum dimensions of the specimens were 
added — something which would present no difficulty. 
An especially critical explanation I have considered to be necessary for the 
family of Chamidae, and I have devoted considerable attention to this entire group, 
as the views generally accepted hitherto about the habitual characteristics and the 
delimitation of species within this group seemed to me to require a revision. The 
results of this inquiry will be published separately later on, but the most important 
ones are shortly cited here, and as a result of these studies the new genus Pseudo- 
chama is now introduced. 
Other more comprehensive anatomical studies have been devoted to Chamostrea 
plicifera n. sp., Madrella ferruginosa and Atopos (Prisma) australis (?), and shorter 
accounts of the organization have been given, among others, for species of the genus 
Microcystis, Macrochlamys suturalis n. sp., and Stitala wilcoxi. 
Among new or otherwise interesting forms mentioned in this work may be 
named some land mollusca from Queensland, which present a very interesting support 
for the theory (previously advanced on the basis of the geographical distribution of 
the mollusca)' of a connection between the Australian continent and New Guinea 
on the one hand and New Zealand on the other. Thus a new species of the genus 
Chlortitis has been described, which shows typical characteristics of the animal, but 
in its shell recalls a Cristigibba, a genus hitherto known as limited to New Guinea. 
Another interesting form of land mollusca confined to'both regions, namely a speci- 
men of the imperfectly known genus Atopos, has also a place in the collections 
and has been anatomically examined. Of the little known genus Hedleya (Fam. 
Pupinellidae), hitherto represented by a single specimen, a new species has been found. 
Mr. CH. HEDLEY has pointed out? that besides the tertiary land bridge be- 
tween Australia and New Guinea, by means of which a part of the recent fauna of 
Queensland immigrated, also another land connection existed, connecting Australia 
with Tasmania and New Zealand with New Guinea during an earlier epoch (the me- 
sozoic time). From this time probably dates the presence of, among others, the genus 
Flammulina, the distribution of which comprises Eastern Australia, Tasmania, Lord 
Howe's Island, New Guinea, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Of this genus a new 
species was collected in tropical Queensland farther towards the north than ranges the 
general distribution of the genus, namely on the top of Bellenden Ker, 4,000 feet, 
where this species may perhaps be considered a relic, having found in the more 
temperate climate on the mountain favourable conditions for its continued existence 
under the tropical latitude of Northern Queensland. With this theory agrees the 
! COH. HeEvLer, On the origin of the land-snail fauna of Queensland, Australia. Nautilus, Vol. 6, 1893. 
? The evolution of the Queensland coast. Address by the president. Rep. Austral. Assoc. for Advance- 
ment of Science, Vol. XII, Brisbane 1909, p. 330. 
