98 RUDOLF SÖDERBERG, STUDIES OF THE BIRDS IN NORTH WEST AUSTRALIA. 
Sunday Island it was missing. It did not show any fear, but was very vigilant. It 
liked to come to places, where men were busy with work, and then we always heard 
its unpleasant cry. It appeared after the breading season in families or in flocks of 
about twenty members. The juvenals often wandered about in flocks by themselves. 
It was often seen on the ground looking for insects. 
Fam. Laniidee. 
Cracticus nigrigularis picatus GouLp. 
Math. handl, n:r 654. I juv. Mowla Downs, Kimb. 7/12 1910, nestling plumage, moult.; J ad., 2 ad. 
Broome, Dampier 1. 15/6 1911, fine plumage; 7 SS ad., 2 SS juv., 2 juv. Beagle bay, ibid. 29/6, 4/1, U/7, 
USF A5/or ABU 20 TTT allfne plumare. 
Juvenals. — 1) No. 1 from ”/1r2 (Mowla Downs): This one is at least partly 
in nestling plumage and in moulting. There is no trace of the collar. But it is 
interesting to note that the brown-black feathers, that cover that part — and those 
alone — have a drop-shaped white spot along the shaft. 
The other brown-black feathers of the upper surface are tipped with light 
brown-buff. Underneath a rufouscent tint on the white lower breast and belly, the 
throat and upper breast light brown-buff. Upper tail-coverts white, tinged with 
rufous, some of them with a dusky sub-terminal band. 
The other three juvenals are in a more developed juvenal condition. Two of 
them have passed the first moulting, the third ("”/1) appears to have passed a second 
one; thus it is a juvenal of the second year. 
2) The two other juvenals: The collar developed, though yet a pretty narrow 
neck-belt. The feathers are not pure white, but mixed with greyish black, the top 
of the vane black. The throat and the upper breast rufous-buff. Lower breast and 
belly pure white. The sides of neck and face rufous. A light rufous eye-brow. The 
brown feathers of the back tipped with light brown buff. 
The moulting — probably goes during the breeding season or at the beginning 
of it. The juvenal in nestling plumage is, however, in moulting on the 7th of Dec. 
It seems to have been born in Nov. A few dark feathers have grown out at the 
upper part. It must be on the point of getting the plumage that the juvenals in 
no. 2 are now wearing, i. e. that of the first year. In a second moulting the plumage 
of the second year is acquired. Only after a third moulting, in the third year, does 
it get the fully-developed dress. 
Ecological. — This butcher-bird was met with at Mowla Downs as well as 
in Dampier land, but seemed to be missing at Sunday Island. In Beagle bay as 
well as at Broome it was common around inhabited places. In the month of July 
I have heard its flute-like tones in the mornings, so we see that it sings even out 
of the breeding season. 
