74 
BULLETIN 1369, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
TABLE 10.—Adult longevity of Hypoderma lineatum at Dallas, Tex.—Continued 
di Temperature 
Num 
; . Date aa ber Tone 
adults oF of Record of death ; Remarks 
emerged |_ Of fe- BEVIUYs : Aver- 
emlergec | males eae Min. | Max.|“ah6 
1921 Days CT DE NAY TEN SG 
Mar. 13 1 2 See 16,1 & i es Mar. 17, 3to 4 | 52.0 | 87.0] 71.1 iH lantern globes, with 
iL eaves. 
Mar. 14 6 3 Mar. 16,1 2; Mar.17,2 ¢, 2to “5 | 52.0 | 87.0 | 74.5 Do. 
1 @; Mar. 18, 357, 1 Q; : 
Mar. TOE TeeHe Be 
Mar. 15 9 2 | Mar.17,1 6; Mar. 21,5 &, 2to 7 | 43.0 | 87.0 | 72.1 | In lantern globes, with 
2 2; Mar. 22,3 ¢. 5 leaves. Copulated. 
1924 1924 
Feb. 7 Dalene se Feb. 13,1 6; Mar.3,1 o_--| 6 to 25 | 26.5 | 82.5 | 51.25 | In lantern globes in 
cool room. Outdoor 
temperatures are 
given. 
Feb. 9 Ag bee ae Feb. 27,1; Mar. i 1 &-__| 18 to 21 | 26.5 | 82.5 | 50593 Do. 
Feb. 14 3 1 | Feb 27, 1 9; Mar. 4,2; | 13 to 23 | 26.5.| 82.5 | 52.55 Do. 
Mar. 8, 1 oe : 
Feb. 16 2 1 | Mar. 5,1; Mar. 8,1 9; ; 18to 23 | 25.0 | 77.5 | 51.10 Do. 
Mar.10,1 9. 
Feb. 18 5 5 | Feb. 27,2 6°; Mar.1,3 9; | 9to17 | 26.5 | 77.5 | 50.37 Do. 
Mar. 3,1 o; Mar.4,1 9; 
Ae 5,16; Mar. 6,1 6, 
IpOE 
Feb. 25 5 Mar. 6,1 &; Mar. 7,16 10 to 21 | 25.0 | 77.5 | 49.41 Do. 
; 29; Wiar’i0, Omar 
ile 3 ne 
The longevity of H. bovis apparently does not differ much from 
that of H. lineatum. Specimens reared at Dallas, Tex., lived from 
2 to 4 days in cages. In Middletown, N. Y., a number of adults 
were kept in cages in the shade and ‘supplied with green leaves. 
These lived from 4 to 10 days with an average of 6 days. Speci- 
mens of both species captured in nature live in confinement only 1 
or 2 days. 
SEASONAL. HISTORY 
There are some distinct differences in the seasonal development of 
H. bovis and H. lineatum. These must be considered in control 
undertakings and they will be pointed out under the several topics 
following. Both species are essentially single brooded. 
SEASON OF ADULT ACTIVITY 
Adults of H. lineatum appear under usual conditions during the 
first warm days of spring. The actual date necessarily varies with 
latitude and altitude as well as with local climatic conditions. It 
appears that in the southern range of H. dineatum the period during 
which adults of that species are active is longer than in any other 
portion of the country. Not infrequently in southwestern Texas 
adults begin to emerge in December and continue to appear during 
warm periods throughout the winter. In this section the maximum 
abundance of adults apparently occurs about the middle of Febru- 
ary. Observations made by D. C. Parman at Uvalde, Tex., indicate 
that during some years, at least, adults may continue to appear until 
about April 1, thus extending the period of adult activity over about 
four months. At Dallas, Tex., the adults rarely, if ever, emerge be- 
