| been observed. The principal danger 
_ seems to lie in the improper applica- 
tion of pressure around the grub, 
a THE CATTLE GRUBS OR OX WARBLES 103 
any definite ill effects been attributed to this method. Brodersen 
(20), working in Denmark, reports his observations upon a semiacute 
malady which he terms “ Rosenfeber.” He records several cases in 
_ which he has seen the sick cows very soon after the grubs had been 
squeezed out. The description he gives of the sickness indicates 
| clearly that it is of an anaphylactic nature similar to that described 
| by Hadwen and Bruce (38), Jensen (49), and Van Es and Schalk 
(709) in cases where they injected the juice of larve into animals 
| sensitized by natural infestations. Brodersen’s cases were acute but 
| not serious. Apparently the general depression, rapid pulse, and 
| puslike secretion from the mucous membranes completely subsided 
within a few hours. In the cases cited it appears that the grubs 
| were squeezed out by men hired for the purpose and apparently the 
| work was done in a very crude way. The experience, however, 
| directs attention to the danger of handling cattle roughly during the 
_ extraction process and further emphasizes the need of a proper under- 
standing of the best method of remov- 
ing the grubs. It should be noted 
also that in cases in the writer’s ex- 
perience in which the grubs have been 
removed from large numbers of cattle, 
some of them very heavily infested, 
no instance in which any ull effects 
whatsoever were noticeable has- ever 
which causes the cyst to break and the 
erub, after being crushed, to be forced 
back into the connective tissue. 
To lessen the danger of anaphylac- 
tic shock to cattle following hand ex- 
traction of grubs, Hadwen (37) has 
advised that the back of the animal Fic. 38.—Alligator forceps, a type 
well adapted for use in extracting 
| be washed off with cold water. In grubs from the backs of cattle 
very valuable animals and show herds, 
it is suggested that the warble cysts be washed out with a hypodermic 
syringe or oil can, using a normal saline solution or a 2 per cent 
carbolic wash. 
Aside from the anaphylactic reaction mentioned above it is claimed 
by some that there is occasional formation of pus abscesses in the 
subcutaneous tissue following extraction. The writers’ observa- 
tions indicate, however, that with even moderate care in hand ex- 
traction the chance of pus formation in the backs of stock is less- 
ened rather than increased by removing the grubs. Great numbers 
of cases have been encountered in which cows had developed large 
abscesses without having been treated for grubs, usually because 
of the closing of the orifice of the grub cyst before the grub reaches 
maturity. In most cases this results in the death of the insect. 
Such abscesses are always greatly relieved by discharging them as 
soon as they are observed. 7 
_ Realizing the fact that the leaving of foreign bodies in a host 
is not good surgical practice, the writers were at first rather skep- 
tical about the advisability of destroying the grubs in the backs 
