36 BULLETIN 1141, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



satisfactory degree of whiteness. For the reason that they meet these 

 requirements in a fair degree and are also available in relatively large 

 quantities, a few varieties furnish by far the greater part of the 

 commercial evaporated apples produced in this country. As a result 

 of the fact that the Baldwin is the most important variety in the 

 New York evaporator district, it furnishes the bulk of the output of 

 that territory, Northern Spy supplying most of the remainder. In 

 the Ozark region, Ben Davis is the variety principally used, while 

 York Imperial is most used in the Virginia and West Virginia 

 evaporators. In the apple district centering about Watsonville 

 and Sebastopol, Calif., Yellow Bellflower is the principal variety 

 used for drying, with Yellow Newtown ranking next. In the Wash- 

 ington and Oregon apple-growing districts no one variety can be said 

 to lead; Jonathan, Winesap, Stayman Winesap, Esopus, Yellow 

 Newtown, Grimes Golden, Rome Beauty, Ben Davis, Arkansas Black, 

 Delicious, Wagener, and a number of other varieties contribute to 

 the total in amounts varying with their relative importance in the 

 various districts. 



Studies of some 250 varieties of apples with reference to their com- 

 parative suitability for drying purposes and the market and table 

 quality of the products which can be made from them have been car- 

 ried on in the Bureau of Plant Industry. Some results of this work 

 may be of service as a guide in the choice of raw material for those 

 who intend to place their product upon the commercial markets. In 

 what is said it should be understood that market quality, that is to 

 say, the color and general appearance of the product, rather than the 

 table quality, is the primary consideration governing the statements 

 made. 



In general, early varieties are unsatisfactory for evaporating pur- 

 poses. The small size of the fruit of many varieties tends to lower 

 the grade in which the product will sell. More difficulty is en- 

 countered in controlling discoloration during drying than is the case 

 with late varieties, and the product is prone to " go off " in color and 

 flavor rather rapidly in storage. By reason of the low content of 

 solids the yield of dry product is lower than with late varieties, and 

 the table quality is less satisfactory. For these reasons the drying 

 of summer and early-autumn varieties with the intention of market- 

 ing the fruit through the usual commercial channels should be under- 

 taken with considerable caution. 



Among the autumn or winter varieties, the following may be 

 recommended as making " white stock " of good market appearance 

 and color: Ben Davis, Bentley, Black Ben, Bismarck, Bracket!, 

 Baldwin, Bughorn, Benoni, Carson, Catline, Doctor, Delicious, 

 Dickey, Evening Party, Fallawater Sweet, Granny Smith, Gano, 

 Imperial Rambo, Ingram, Jersey Sweet, Klickitat, Lawver, London 

 Pippin, Mcintosh, Monmouth, Milam, Munson, Pewaukee, Rome 

 Beauty, Ralls, Santa, Statesman, Sierra Beauty, Springclale, Shan- 

 non, Shone, Stayman Winesap, Sutton, Talbert, Vandevere Improved, 

 White Doctor, White Pippin, Winesap, Wolf River. 



A second group differs from the first in that the varieties placed 

 in it have a sufficient amount of pigmentation in the flesh to give the 

 dry product a slight golden color, often very attractive. In some 

 markets such fruit sells at slightly lower price than clear white 

 stock, in others no such distinction is made. The light-golden stock 



