

THE APPLE INDUSTRY IN FREDERICK COUNTY, VA. 



17 



Table 16. — Distribution of family living from the farm, J+8 farms; average for 



1916-1920 



Items furnished by the farm for family use 



Quantity 



Value 



Percentage 

 of value of 

 food items 



Corn . 



. bushels. . 



1 

 5 

 9 



Dolls. 



i 



13 



52 



2 



29 



31 



1 



18 



18 



100 



1 



Per cent 

 0.4 



Wheat 



...do 



3.6 





do— . 



4.7 







18.9 







.7 



Butter 





65 



128 



3 



56 



22 



583 



4 



10.5 



Milk 





11.2 



Beef 



. pounds. 



.4 







6.5 



Poultry 



. . .head 



6.5 



Pork . .. . . 





36.2 





do... 



.4 









Total food 





276 

 9 

 159 

 444 

 111 



100.0 



Wood 





5 

















Value per adult equivalent . ... ._ .. __' . _. .. . . 













Number of persons per farm, over 16 years of age 3.0 



Number of persons per farm, under 16 years of age ■_. 1.5 



Adult equivalent per farm 4.0 



INCOMES FROM ORCHARD FARMING 



The average returns from the 48 orchard farms for the five-year 

 period of the study were as follows: Farm income, $4,232; labor 

 income, $2,443; return on farm valuation, 9.4 per cent 2 (Table 17). 

 The average farm income varied over the five-year period, 1916-1920, 

 from $2,564 in 1920 to $5,660 in 1918. The labor income varied 

 over this same period from $248 in 1920 to $4,124 in 1918. The 

 per cent returned on farm valuation for the years 1916-1920 varied 

 from 3.4 in 1920 to 15.6 in 1918. 



A severe freeze in 1921 destroyed much of the apple crop and the 

 total receipts were less than the expenses. In that year there w^as 

 a minus farm income of $1,018 per farm; that is, the farm expenses 

 were $1,018 greater than the farm receipts. It must be remembered 

 that not only variations in yields but variations in prices are bound 

 to have a decided effect on variations in income for any year or 

 period of time. Prices received by the growers during the years of 

 this study are given in. Table 14. 



In addition to these returns the orchard farmer and his family 

 received from the farm, food, fuel, and house rent equivalent in value 

 to $444, annually. 



2 See p. 6 for definitions of terms. 



