THE APPLE INDUSTRY IX FEEDEBICK COUNTY, VA. 



15 



Table 13. — Labor and power used per farm in the operation of 48 orchard farms; 



average for 1916-1920 



Classes of labor and power 



■m 



1917 1918 



1919 



1920 



Average 

 1916-1920 



Labor: 



Picking and packing (hired).. . 



Months 

 24.8 

 24.1 



Months Months 

 12.4 ! 23.4 



Months 

 17.4 



Months 

 24.7 

 22.5 

 13.3 



Months 

 20 5 



Other hired labor . . ... ... . 



24. 2 24 



21.4 

 13.0 



23.2 



Operator and family. 



14.1 14.4 13.4 



13.6 







Total months 



63. I 51. 60. 8 51. 8 

 Number Nu mber Nu mber Number 

 4. 6 4. 5 4. 5 4. 1 



60.5 



Nu mber 



3.9 



15 



12 



57.3 



Power: 



Work stock .. .. 



Nu mber 

 4.3 



Farms having tractnrs 



9 



10 



8 



1 5.4 



Farms having auto trucks.. 



6 



1 5.2 









None of the farms had tractors or motor trucks in 1916 or 1917. 



SOURCES OF RECEIPTS 



The principal products sold from the orchard farms were apples, 

 wheat, corn, hay, livestock, and livestock products. Table 14 shows 

 the average quantities per farm of the various crops sold and the 

 prices received. The quantities of each crop sold per farm on the 

 average for the five-year period were as follows: Packed apples, 2,315 

 barrels; cull apples, 934 barrels; wheat, 110 bushels; corn, 67 bushels; 

 and hay, 1.3 tons. The average quantity of apples sold varied from 

 1,960 barrels per farm in 1917 to 4,439 barrels per farm in 1920. 

 The quantity of wheat and corn marketed annually per farm decreased 

 over the period of the survey. The average quantity of hay sold per 

 farm changed little except for the last year, 1920, when three times the 

 usual quantity w T as sold, but, even so, the quantity w r as only 2.6 tons. 



The five-year average prices received by these farmers w^ere as 

 follows: Apples (barreled), $3.60 per barrel; cull apples, $1.20 per 

 barrel; wheat, $2.06 per bushel; corn, $1.22 per bushel; and hay, 

 $18.46 per ton. Apples, wheat, and hay increased in price up to and 

 including 1919, and each in 1920 showed a decrease to almost 1917 

 levels. Corn increased in price to and including 1918 and after that 

 decreased in price until, in 1920, it was selling at a lower level than 

 in 1916. 



Cull apples made up a higher percentage of the total apples 

 produced in years of low production than in the years of more favor- 

 able production. The prices received for cull apples were best in 

 the years of low total production. 



Table 14. — Quantities of crops sold per farm and average prices received; average 



for 1916-1920 



Quantities and prices 



1916 



1917 



1918 



1919 



1920 



Average 

 1916-1920 



Quantities: 

















Apples, barreled: ■_. 



bbls.. 



3,352 



1,320 



2,436 



1,409 



3,057 



2,315 



Apples, loose culls.. 



do.... 



910 



640 



797 



941 



1,382 



934 



Corn 



bu._ 



107 



121 



53 



32 



21 



67 



Wheat 



do.... 



143 



102 



118 



105 



84 



110 



Hay 



tons.. 



1.3 



.8 



.7 



.9 



2.6 



1.3 



Prices: 





Dollars 



Dollars 



Dollars 



Dollars 



Dollars 



Dollars 



Apples, barreled . ________ 



...per bbl__ 



2.58 



3.31 



4.26 



5.10 



3.75 



3.80 



Apples, loose culls * . . 



do..__ 



.63 



1.55 



.93 



2.24 



.63 



1.20 



Corn .... 



. .perbu.. 



.99 



1.35 



1.47 



1.41 



.90 



1.22 



Wheat.. 



.do... 



1.78 

 13.85 



2.16 

 18.75 



2.21 

 28.57 



2.34 

 25.56 



1.82 



2.06 



Hay . 



...per ton.. 



20.88 



