THE APPLE INDUSTRY IN FREDERICK COUNTY, YA. 



II 



against only 2 per cent of the bearing acreage in 1920. As indicated 

 by the large percentage of nonbearing acreage in miscellaneous and 

 unknown varieties, orchardists have been doing considerable experi- 

 menting with varieties during recent years. 



Table 8. — Distribution of varieties of apples on Jf.8 orchard farms in 1920 



Varieties 



Percentage of total 

 acreage 



Varieties 



Percentage of total 

 acreage 



Beari ^ bearing 



Bearing 



is on- 

 bearing 





Per cent 

 59 

 22 



4 

 2 

 2 



Per cent 

 35 ] 



» 

 24 



5 



Per cent 



Baldwin i 2 



Jonathan 1 



Miscellaneous 4 



Unknown 4 



Per cent 

 





6 



Yellow Newtown 



Stayman Winesap 



i 15 



7 















1 Northwestern Greening, Smokehouse, Yellow Transparent, Wealthy, Arkansas (Mammoth Black 

 Twig), King David, Rome Beauty, Gravenstein, Winesap, Delicious, Mcintosh, Red Astrachan, Olden- 

 burg (Duchess of Oldenburg), and other early varieties. 



ORGANIZATION OF THE ORCHARD FARMS 



VALUATION OF ORCHARD FARMS 



The five-year average sales value of the 48 orchard farms in Fred- 

 erick County, including real estate, livestock, equipment, supplies, 

 and operating cash, was $35,788, of which the larger portion, $32,364, 

 was in real estate and the balance, $3,424, was in other things, as 

 shown in Table 9. The real-estate valuation was distributed as 

 follows: Land, $28,385; dwelling, $1,847; and other buildings, 

 $2,132. Other capital was divided among these items: Work stock, 

 $533; livestock other than work stock, $627; machinery, $671; feed 

 and supplies, $289; and cash for operating the farm, $1,304. 



During the period of this studv the total farm valuation increased 

 from $30,505 in 1916 to $46,306 in 1920. In 1921 it had fallen to 

 $43,253, but there were few farm sales during this period. Machinerv 

 increased in value per farm from $619 in 1916 to $907 in 1920. Most 

 of this increase was for new machinery bought during this period, 

 particularly tractors and auto trucks. For example, in 1916 an 

 average of $70 per farm was spent for machinery, but thereafter 

 this expenditure gradually increased each year until in 1920 a total 

 of $478 was spent per farm for new machinery. Improvements to 

 buildings were made consistently throughout these years. 



The five-year average value of individual farms varied from $9,255 

 to $160,927. Eight orchard farms were valued at less than $15,000, 

 7 between $15,000 and $20,000, 3 between $20,000 and $25,000, 

 5 between $25,000 and $30,000, 7 between $30,000 and $35,000, 



4 between $35,000 and $40,000, 4 between $40,000 and $50,000, 



5 between $50,000 and $75,000, and 4 over $75,000. The percentage 

 distribution of the average valuation of these 48 orchard farms is 

 given in Table 10. 



