24 BULLETIN 1405, TJ. S. DEPABTVEEXT OF AGEICTJLTrBE 



ridges, through natural passes, or even up more or less steep slopes, 

 and grazing the upper range too early, unless strategic points are 

 drift fenced. Fencing for local control on low- value mountain 

 ranges is so expensive that ordinarily it is justified only at such 

 points. Even with each seasonal zone fenced, salting and herding 

 must be relied upon to obtain good distribution within the units and 

 to move the cattle from one unit to another. One rider can herd 

 and salt about 1.000 cattle on the average mountainous range if 

 he is employed throughout the season and given some assistance 

 at the time when the stock first come on the range and again in the 

 fall when the round-up is made. 



MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR TYPICAL RANGE DIVISION 



Figure 9 shows the area of a range division typical of the Wasatch 

 Mountains, with types, zones, and topographic units. Figure 10 

 gives an example of the proposed distribution and movements of 

 cattle intended to secure proper seasonal use and uniform utilization 

 of the forage on the division by 1,575 cattle. The plan given in 

 this example does not provide for ideal seasonal use but indicates 

 what can reasonably be expected under practical range-manage- 

 ment practices. 



By reference to Figure 10 it will be seen that 860 of the total num- 

 ber of 1,575 cattle permitted on the division for the season May 20 

 to October 15 are placed in the oak-brush zone of the Xew Canyon 

 cattle unit. Of this number 340 are moved on June 10 into the 

 aspen-fir zone of ^Cew Canyon and on July 10 into the spruce-fir 

 zone, where they remain until September 30, and then, if they have 

 not already drifted down, are driven to the oak-brush zone to remain 

 until October 15. A herd of 175 is allowed to remain in the oak- 

 brush zone until July 9, when they are drifted into the aspen-fir 

 zone, and on September 30 are brought back to the oak-brush zone 

 to remain until the close of the grazing season. The remaining 345 

 cattle placed in the Xew Canyon cattle unit on May 20 are shifted 

 on June 10 to the aspen-fir zone of the Ephraim Canyon cattle unit, 

 where they are grazed with 295 head moved up from the oak-brush 

 zone of Ephraim Canyon. These 640 head are moved on July 10 

 into the spruce-fir zone, remain there until September 30, and are 

 then drifted back into the aspen-fir zone to remain until the close 

 of the season. 



In addition to the 295 cattle which are later moved into the higher 

 zones of Ephraim Canyon, 420 head are placed in the oak-brush 

 zone of the Ephraim Canyon cattle unit on May 20, and on June 10 

 are drifted to the aspen-fir zone of the Willow Creek cattle unit. Of 

 these, 175 remain in this zone of the Willow Creek unit until the 

 close of the season. On July 10. 245 cattle are moved into the Wil- 

 low Creek spruce-fir zone, and on September 30 these are drifted 

 back to the oak-brush zone of Ephraim Canyon. 



It should be realized that these numbers of cattle are relative. In 

 actual practice some will drift of their own accord from one zone to 

 the next shortly before the specified dates for moving, and par- 

 ticularly will they drift down from the upper zones to the lower if 



