13 



way as the Vicar pears. The disposition and treatment of the trays is shown hy the 

 following table : 



Gross and net weights of fresh fruit and weight of cured fruit. 



BEN DAVIS AND BALDWIN APPLES. 





Weight. 



After— 



Total. 





Gross. 



Net. 



7 hours. 



9 hours. 



Lot A : . 



Tray III-A-5, evaporated, not sulphured 



Pounds. 



} » 

 } » 



Pounds. 

 9.35 



10.25 



Pounds. 

 J 0.79 

 \ 0.75 



f 



Pounds. 



Pounds. 

 0.79 





0.43 



1 18 



Lot B : 



96 



Tray III-B-8, sun dried, not sulphured 



{....::::: 





1,09 









W. A. Taylor, 

 Acting Pomologist. 



All the scales in this fruit w ere found dead. 



Nathan Banks. 



A NEW COCCID ON BIRCH. 



By H. G. Hubbard and Th. Pergande. 

 Part I— By H. G. Hubbard. 



From my boyhood whenever I have visited the Lake Superior region 

 my attention has been called to the general destruction of the bark of 

 birch trees. It is difficult to find near the lake a tree of any size with 

 smooth or natural bark, and I remember that in 1876, when Mr. Schwarz 

 and I visited the north shore of the lake, at Michipicoten River, we 

 were told that the iDdians were obliged to go 60 miles back into the 

 interior in order to find sheets of bark of sufficient size for the con- 

 struction of canoes. During a visit to the south shore, not far from 

 Marquette, in September, 1896, I discovered that this widespread 

 destruction is due to the attacks of a coccid. The outer bark is rough- 

 ened, covered with curls and splits, blackened with sooty mold and in 

 bad cases entirely removed down to the last layer. Often the cambium 

 itself is invaded and the tree is killed or seriously injured. Figure 1, a 

 illustrates injury to a branch of birch caused by this insect. 



The coccid introduces itself between the layers of the bark and by 

 its growth and the formation of thick masses of wax along its flanks 

 causes the bark to heave and the layers to separate in curls. On a 

 smooth surface the first attack is made by the young larvae crawling 

 into the lenticels, or breathing pores of the bark, those little elongate 

 corky spots which give to birch bark its elegant ornamentation. After- 

 wards successive generations of the insect force their way into the 

 crevices thus formed and cause extensive separations between the lay- 

 ers. (See fig. 1, 6). The female insect during its growing period is a 

 memberless sac, as in the Diaspinae. Its color is orange red and when 

 compressed beneath layers of birch bark the form is flattened, broadly 



