34 



with more intensity and rapidity, these colonizations in the orchards, gardens, parks, 

 and country places of Lisbon and its environs. Proprietors who had plants infested 

 with Iceryas and wished to utilize this convenient and economical means of combat- 

 ing them were to inform the director of the chemical-agricultural station, or the 

 agriculturist of the district of Lisbon, or the director-general of agriculture. 



It should be known that Tedalia cardinalis attacks only the larvae and eggs of 

 Icerya, and that one must not decide that it is not an active destroyer of this scale 

 because we continue to see for some time adult Iceryas that were already on the 

 trees when the colonies or centers of Vedalias were established there. The adult 

 Iceryas continue, then, to live, and, until they die, to place eggs in their sacs, but the 

 eggs and young larvae of the Iceryas are the ones which are destroyed until a point is 

 reached when none arrive at the adult stage. From this moment the white egg sacs 

 of the Iceryas are left empty in the branches and leaves, and the invasion of the 

 injurious scale has been overcome. 



After the colonies of Vedalias are established in any locality or estate, it is advis- 

 able not to make treatments there nor in their proximity, in order not to destroy the 

 young of the beneficial parasite of Icerya, which soon develop, because the adults 

 spread about and lay their eggs, sometimes near at hand and sometimes at a distance, 

 on the infested branches just below the colonies of Iceryas. For some time the 

 larvae of Vedalia are not strikingly apparent, except they are quite numerous, well 

 developed, and fat. At first they live somewhat concealed, among the Iceryas or 

 within the oviferous sacs of the latter, next to the eggs and tender larvae just issued 

 from the egg. 



With the rapid development which the broods of Vedalia cardinalis have, and in 

 view of the large number of colonies already established, of the many more numer- 

 ous ones which will be established still during the summer and autumn, and in view 

 of its wide distribution, it is to be believed that even in the coming year it will be 

 difficult to find a tree with Icerya, in Lisbon or its environs, without finding there 

 likewise its terrible enemy, Novius or Vedalia cardinalis. The treatment with insec- 

 ticides, which has produced meanwhile good results, will become from that moment 

 absolutely unnecessary, if it is not so already. 



In the meantime, not being aware of the remarkable success in 

 rearing the Vedalia from the six specimens remaining alive of our last 

 shipment, the writer sent on June 29, by direct mail, a consignment of 

 about 5 dozen larvse of Novius Tcoebelei and N. cardinalis which had 

 been received in Washington that day through the courtesy of the 

 State Board of Horticulture of California. On August 10 word was 

 received from Senhor Le Cocq to the effect that the shipment reached 

 him on the 13th of July, thus making the time from San Francisco to 

 Lisbon only twenty days — less than one-half the time occupied by the 

 preceding sending. It resulted from this short journey that adults of 

 Novius Icoebelei reached Portugal in safety. There were twelve beetles 

 of this species living on receipt, two of N. cardinalis. and some few 

 larvae. 



In the same communication Senhor Le Oocq wrote as follows : 



The propagation of the Vedalia received from you in November and December, 

 1897, has been wonderful, particularly that of the second package, which reached 

 Lisbon December 19. The chemical-agricultural station of Lisbon, to which I 

 committed the first package which you sent me and many thousands of those 

 I bred at home, has already established several colonies in about ninety farms, 

 orchards, parks, and gardens in Lisbon and m the country around Lisbon. In the 

 orange orchard around the propagating station [described in the preceding quota- 



