33 
days; development of the pupa, 12 days; total, 57 to 60 days, or two 
months. 
A few days after having left the pupa, the imago is ready for ovipo- 
sition. 
Often the caterpillars, which have just left the eggs, let themselves 
down by means of a long thread, in order to reach other leaves. Dur- 
ing the suspension they are easily carried off by the wind and thus 
become widely spread. 
Fortunately, very often the eggs are infested by two parasites, viz, 
Ceraphron beneficiens Zehunt., and Chetosticha nana Zelnt. The intested 
eggs turn to black or dark brown. Besides, the eggs are destroyed by 
the larve of a species of Chrysopa, which sucks them out. 
SCIRPOPHAGA INTACTA, SNELL. 
The female of Scirpophaga intacta lays her eggs in little clusters, and 
as a rule on the underside of the leaves. These egg-clusters are from 
6 to 10" long, composed of 15 to 30 
eggs, and are covered with abundant 
cinnamon colored hairs, so that the eggs 
themselves cannot be seen. The total 
number of eggs produced by one female 
is GO to 70. 
The freshly hatched caterpillars are 
dark brown in color and are about 2.5"™ 
long. They penetrate the shoots from 
above (Say a Single larva in each shoot), 
following in the beginning the midrib 
of the young unfolded leaves. Farther 
beneath they eat completely, out the 
heart of the shoot. Finally, they attack 
the stalk, making a straight descending 
gallery or tunnel, which varies in length 
according to the individuals. When the 
larva is nearly full grown the gallery is 
bored horizontally outward by means of Wisi: Ho trpepbage? eee 
a gentle curve. Then the dust is re- grown larva at left—enlarged; leaf: 
moved from the lower part of the gallery Eeinbe Seca pt re pe ae 
(i. e., pushed upward), and the gallery is Tee ; 
closed before and behind the larva with three or four transverse silken 
membranes spun by the larva. Thereupon this latter transforms to 
pupa. 
The whole development is accomplished within the following periods: 
Egg state, 8 to 9 days; larval state, 32 to 35 days; pupal state, female, 
8 to 10 days; male, 10 to 12 days; total, female, 48 to 54 days; male, 
50 to 56 days. 
In penetrating the stock the larva destroys always the growing veg: 
