36 
very necessary to cut the shoots down to the ground (next to the seed) 
in order to be sure to remove the borer. The infested shoots can very 
easily be seen from a distance, their young, unfolded leaves becoming 
dry from one day to the following, and the cane being yet small. 
If this examination is repeated two or three times a week for about 
two months, the Chilo and Grapholitha will be exterminated for the 
most part, and then it is just time to pay most attention to the Scir- 
pophaga and Diatrea. With these borers, above all, the eggs ought to 
be collected. This is not so difficult as it might seem at first view. The 
method being once installed, we are sure that the borers of the first 
eroup can be exterminated for the most part in this way. In case the 
young larve are already hatched, we remember that they rest for a 
time between the young, unfolded leaves, and if the attack is observed 
in time the borers can be removed by cutting off the young leaves 
only. If the larve have already reached the stalks, these must also 
be cut off. 
It is of the greatest importance to begin the remedial measures in 
the quite young plantation and to execute them with the greatest 
energy, so aS to render unnecessary further work in the half-grown or 
still older cane. In this way the attack of the borers can be con- 
trolled, the second generation can be restricted to a minimum, the 
young plants can easily be examined, and the collecting of the eggs is 
much facilitated, and enables us to save a great many shoots from being 
cut off. If, however, the cutting off of shoots is absolutely necessary, 
there is but little loss of cane, since the shoots at this time are quite 
small. Moreover, there is much probability that the secondary shoots 
formed after cutting will soon equal the primary ones, and in this way 
the plantation becomes equal. 
With the half-grown or older cane, thrashing is a partial remedy 
against borers as well as other insects. As to the full grown cane, the 
fields should be burned over as soon as the cane is removed. 
TWO JAPANESE INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FRUIT. 
By M. Matsumura, Sapporo, Japan. 
APPLE FRUIT BORER. 
(Laverna herellera Dup.?) 
This is the most troublesome insect with which the fruit growers of 
Japan have to contend. It was probably introduced from some foreign 
country, and is now inet with wherever apples are grown. It caused 
great damage during the year 1891, and is still doing much injury, 
especially in Hokkaido. Itisasmall moth which belongs to the Tineina, 
family Lavernide, and which resembles Coleophora in general appear- 
ance. The generic and specific names of this insect have not yet been 
determined with exactness, but its characters coincide with the deserip- 
tion of Laverna herellera of Duponchel, as given by Dr. Oskar Kirchner, 
