6 SOME INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FORESTS. 



have so far done little damage in southwestern Kansas, but they are moving both 

 southward and westward. They are abundant at Pratt, Kinsley, Dodge, and Scott, 

 and are appearing at Medicine Lodge, Coldwater, Meade, and Garden City. Yet of 

 the numberless trees that have been killed or seriously injured nearly all reached a 

 size that could well be used for posts or stakes before succumbing. This shows that 

 black locust may be successfully grown in commercial plantations if cut as soon as 

 large enough for posts. * * * 



Just south of the Kansas line, in Woods County, Okla., black locust grows remark- 

 ably well, and has not yet been molested by borers. 



Cotton (1905) observed that in Ohio injury was greater in single 

 trees and plantations of considerable size than in natural forests. 



Dearborn found that whitewashing the trees in April and filling the 

 holes with mortar in July was not entirely successful as a remedial 

 measure, but he suggested cutting out and burning infested trees in 

 April and protecting the } T oung, thrifty trees. ' Harris suggested the 

 collection of the beetles by children, and Fitch, the planting of golden- 

 rod to attract the beetles, so that these could be collected and destroyed. 

 Lintner suggested the application of soap solution and carbolic acid 

 to prevent the beetles from depositing eggs, and the cutting out of 

 young larvae when their presence is indicated b} T sap and borings. 

 Riley suggested destroying the } T oung borers as soon as hatched. The 

 writer recommended severe pruning in March, and clean culture was 

 recommended by Felt. 



The insect has been recorded from Canada southward to Pontchar- 

 train, La., Texas, and Indian Territory, and westward into Nebraska. 



Some of the records of destructive ravages are the following: Peck 

 (1818), Harris (1826), in New England; Fitch (1858), in New York; 

 Rogers, Reed, and Bethune (1855 to 1867), in Canada; Walsh (1866), 

 in Illinois and Kansas; Laurent (1893), around Philadelphia; the writer 

 (1891 to 1898), in West Virginia; Smith (1898), in New Jersey; 

 Cotton (1905), in Ohio; White (1906), in the Mississippi Valley, about 

 twenty years after extensive planting was begun by settlers. 



REVISION OF PUBLISHED DATA. 



Some of the published records relating to the insect which have 

 been f requenth" quoted or repeated require, according to the writer's 

 observations, some amendments and corrections. 



It would appear that normally but a single egg is deposited in a 

 place, rather than clusters of four to nine. The female does not 

 pierce the bark or place her eggs in the cambium layer. The larva? do 

 not enter the sapwood before winter, but, as observed by Dearborn 

 and verified by the writer, remain in the outer portion of the inner 

 bark. Records of the insect infesting honey locust are probably due 

 to the fact that the black locust is sometimes referred to under this 

 name, which is the correct one for an entirely different tree. It 



