176 MISCELLANEOUS CIRCULAR 92, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Family SIMAROUBACE^ 



SIMAROUBA Aublet 



Simarouba glauca de Candolle. 08 Paradise-tree. 



Range. — Southern Florida (from Cape Canaveral on the west coast, to the 

 southern Keys and to Biscayne Bay) ; Cuba, Jamaica, Nicaragua, and Brazil. 



NAMES IN USE 



Paradise-tree (Fla.). Bitterwood (Fla.). 



Gumbo limbo (Fla.)* 



PICRAMNIA Swartz 



Picramnia pentandra Swartz. 89 Bitterbush. 



Range. — Southern Florida (vicinity of Miami and in the Everglades near the 

 latter place, and at Coconut Grove, Dade County); Bahamas, Porto Rico, 

 Tobago, West Indies, and in Colombia. 



NAME IN USE 



Bitterbush 

 AILANTHUS Desfontaines 



Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle. 1 Ailanthus. 



Range. — Native of China; but widely and permanently naturalized in eastern 

 United States; occasional spontaneous trees are found in western United States. 



Note on nomenclature. — Formerly designated as Ailanthus glandulosa 

 Desfontaines. 



names in use 



Tree of Heaven. Chinese Sumach. 



Ailanthus. Stinking Chun. 



varieties distinguished in cultivation 



Ailanthus altissima rubra (Dippel) Sudworth. Redfruit Ailanthus. 



Ailanthus altissima pendulifolia (Dippel) Sudworth. Drooping Ailanthus. 



Ailanthus altissima aucubaefolia (Dippel) Sudworth. 



AIVARADOA Liebmarm 



Alvaradoa amorphoides Liebmarm. 



Range. — Southern Florida (Timb's Hammock and Long Key, Dade County) ; 

 Bahamas, Cuba, and southern Mexico, central America, and Argentina. 



« 8 Britton and Shafer (North Am. Trees, 584, 190S) believe that this is a Cuban species, not found within 

 our border, and that, our plant is Simarouba medicinalis Endllcher. For the present the author prefers to 

 let simarouba glauca de Candolle stand for our species until the two forms can be carefully studied. 



»» This species first became known within our borders In 1897 (Chapman), but it was not generally recog- 

 nized as a tree of our flora until 1903 (Small) and 1908 (Britton and Shafer). 



i W. T. Swingle, in Wash Acad So., vol. 8, 490, 1916. Professor Swingle has clearly shown that Toxi- 

 codendron Altissimum Miller (Oard. Diet., ed. 8, 1768) is the oldest tenable name for this Chinese tree, and 

 therefore, that Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle should be adopted In place of Ailanthus glandulosa 

 Desfontaines, which was published 18 years later than Miller's name. 



The generic term Ailanthus appears to be so generally in use as a common name for this tree tnat it seems 

 desirable to continue its use. The book name, Tree of Heaven, Is not In general use by laymen. Moreover, 

 this name seems rather inappropriate, since, as Asa Gray wrote, in substance, many years ago, the tree 

 when in flower is redolent of anything but the odors of heaven. 



