LOCATION OF APIARY. 39 
or southwestern exposure, however, will be found extremely uncom- 
fortable at times both for the operator and for his bees. A windbreak, 
such as a board fence, a hedge, or a row of evergreens on the north and 
west, is advisable as a protection against sharp winds in winter and 
early spring, which keep many bees from reaching their hives even when 
near the entrances. Some shade is desirable, yet such density as to 
produce dampness is extremely detrimental. In moist elevated regions, 
which are of course cool, no shade will be needed, except temporarily 
for newly hived swarms. Tall trees are objectionable in or near the 
aplary, because swarms are likely to cluster so high as to render their 
capture difficult and dangerous. Some of the self-hivers or nonswarm- 
ing devices now offered for sale may with improvement yet accomplish 
the end in view, but heretofore clipping one wing of each laying queen 
Fig. 21.—An apiary in California. (Reproduced from photograph.) . 
and using all precautions to prevent after-swarming, making artificial 
Swarms, selection in breeding, or any other means known to limit 
swarming, have not sufficed to prevent the occasional issuance of a 
Swarm with a queen having wings. Therefore it is advisable to have 
the apiary located under or near low trees, where the hives can be 
readily seen from the house. Carniolan, Italian, and Cyprian bees give 
less trouble to passers-by or to live stock than do the ordinary brown 
or German bees, or hybrids of these races, yet whatever race be kept, 
it is best to have the apiary as secluded as the necessary or desirable 
conditions will permit. 
The frontispiece and figures 20, 21, and 75, taken from photographs 
of apiaries located in different parts of the country, give a fair idea of 
sites actually occupied and the arrangement of hives. 
