BEE PASTURAGE. 57 
clovers (white, alsike, crimson, and mammoth red), with alfalfa and 
melilot, chestnut, linden or basswood, Indian corn, buckwheat, fire- 
weed, willow-herb, knotweeds, mints, cleome, golden-rods, Spanish 
needle, and asters may be cited as the chief sources of pollen and 
honey; and of these the tulip tree, locust, white clover, alfalfa, melilot, 
linden, and buckwheat furnish most of the surplus honey. The fruit 
blossoms, with the exception of raspberry, come so early that a small 
proportion only of the colonies are sufficiently strong to store surplus, 
Fic. 44.— Willow herb (Epilobium angustifolium). A, young flower: s, stigmaturned back; a, anthers; 
l, lobe or pod. B, older flower: s, stigma turned forward; a, anthers; lJ, lobe. C, spike of flowers. 
D, section of pollen grain: ¢, extine; 7, intine; ti, thick intine; f, fovilla. E, growing point of pollen 
grain: @, e, extine; 7.7, intine; f, fovilla; pt, pollen tube. (From Cheshire.) 
and of course this statement applies with still more force to plants which 
blossom before apple, pear, cherry, etc. Some of the clovers, mustard, 
rape, cultivated teasel, chestnut, barberry, sumac, coral berry, plearisy 
root, fireweed, borage, mints, willow-herb, Spanish needles, cleome, ete., 
though yielding well, are only found abundantly over certain areas, 
and do not therefore supply any considerable portion of the honey that 
appears on the market, though when any of them are plentiful in 2 
certain locality the bee keeper located there will find in nearly all cases 
that the surplus honey is greatly increased thereby. 
