BEE PASTURAGE. 61 
in raspberries will furnish pasturage for three weeks to 75 or 100 colonies 
of bees. Mustard for seed, and rape for pasture and seed, may be made 
to furnish much to the bees in early spring. Buckwheat honey is dark 
and strong, but is relished by some, and when well ripened is good 
winter food for bees, so that whenever this plant can be made to blos- 
som at a time when the bees find nothing better and a crop of grain can 
also be harvested from it, a plenti- 
ful supply should by all means be 
sown; the clovers, white, alsike, 
crimson, and mammoth or medium 
red may be sown for pasturage, 
hay, forage, for purposes of green 
manuring, or for seed, and honey 
of fine quality obtained if a suf. 
ficient number of blossoms are 
allowed to appear. Alfalfa (Medi- 
=: cago sativa), a mostimportant honey 
Fig. 48—Sachaline oueieuk Knotweed (olygonwm yroduceras well as perennial forage 
a crop. can be grown over a much 
greater area of the United States than has heretofore been generally 
supposed. Sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa) and serradella (Ornithopus 
sativus), both most excellent honey plants, have not received the atten- 
tion they merit either North or South. Japan clover (Lespedeza striata) 
' is grown profitably in the South, and more even might be expected 
' from the introduction of sulla clover (Hedysarum 
coronarium) there. The trial of both by bee keep- 
ers in middle and northern regions is strongly 
recommended. They should also try the dwarf 
(quick-growing) varieties of cowpeas ( Vigna sinen- 
sis) extensively grown in the South for forage and 
green manuring. Vetches are of recognized value 
for the same purposes, especially the Russian hairy 
vetch ( Vieia villosa). Sachaline (Polygonum sacha- 
linense) and flat peas (Lathyrus sylvestris) are vis- 
ited by bees, and in certain situations may be found 
of value otherwise. Peppermint (Mentha piperita) 
yields wellinJuly and August. Parsuips (Pastinaca 
sativa) when grown for seed are assiduously visited x 
by bees for honey during June, July, and August. ¥!6-49.—Russian or hairy 
fy vetch (Vicia villosa). 
|. Gorse or furze (Ulex europewus) for forage may 
prove valuable in some localities here, as it is highly esteemed in some 
parts of Europe. Its odorous yellow blossoms, much frequented by 
_ bees, appear in May. Filbert bushes (Corylus avellana) will grow in 
many portions of our country, yielding, besides nuts, an abundance 
of early pollen, even in February or March. The carob tree (Cera- 
toma siliqua) succeeds in the Southwest, yielding a crop of economic 
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