EXPERIMENTS IN 1907-8. ONG 
Rhode Island Greening apples were used, as shown in the following 
table: 
TasLE X.—Effect of fumigation with carbon bisulphid on scales and fruit. 
Num- 
Experi- aoe Fumigant | Time | ber of iF 
ent eae out, of Kind of package. and rate at | of ex- | scales potes eee on 
No:—= |} Pees which used. | posure. | exam- 3 | : 
ined. 
Ckxe: Be cE ae Hours. | aN 
JE ee | Baldwin...... 4-bushel basket...... C82 0.0 3 | 1,618 | Live scales | No injury.. 
abundant. | 
DIA ee i GO eens eae CLO ee ays es G8 eee & dowss ts Bh. I) ALAS Ne eee c doa eeG| Do 
Oe aire fete eis GO. Ea hee done aa has CS2 0.1384. Shite oelG onl ekees: dows Do 
Danie ee ees ON eter ENS COE a Ue, CS» 0.2768. - By) POLO) Ioana douse Do 
QO cee eee ChE is Sbes laos Coste ee one CSe 0.453... 3 Ci ligsocr COS See al Do 
Apes | Rhode Island | Apples loose on floor | CS21.81...-. 3 CHD Weeos = COP Do 
| Greening. of box. 
AG Sesrsalece (CKO Se ae eras COR eae eas CSe 0.453... . 3 C0) |Pseoe Gomer Do 
A ador es ts Be COMO area mel eee GO aes ares eee ee CSe 0.138... . 3 930; eee COsbegsu| Do 
Examination of fruit as to condition of the scales in Nos. 21 to 25 
was made November 27, about two weeks after treatment; and 
Nos. 45 to 47, December 29, approximately an equal interval after 
treatment; each lot was again exarnined about two weeks later. 
In No. 25 the carbon bisulphid was used at the rate of 0.453 c. c. 
per cubic foot. This is equivalent to 1 pound to 1,000 cubic feet. 
Using this as a normal, doses were consecutively decreased by one- 
half, Nos. 21 and 22 being duplicates. In the second series of tests, 
in which the fruit was placed on the floor on the boxes, the carbon 
bisulphid was used much stronger in the case of No. 45—that is, 1.81 
c. c. per cubic foot, approximately equal to 4 pounds per 1,000 
cubic feet. As to the period of exposure, namely, three hours, it 
was realized that this was perhaps too short, but in actual practice 
it would be undesirable to greatly lengthen this on account of the 
need of expedition in work of this character. It is not improbable 
that where fruit could be subjected for several hours, as overnight, 
to carbon-bisulphid fumes a heavy dose might be effective in 
destroying the scales and without injury to the fruit. 
As shown, none of the strengths with the three-hour exposure 
was at all effective in killing the scale. In the case of No. 45, where 
the greatest strength was used, there were 120 live scales, of a total 
of 770 examined, or a little more than 15 per cent of the insects 
counted; or on the basis of live scales present, as shown by the 
condition of the checks, approximately 28 per cent came through 
alive. In no instance was there any injury to the fruit. | 
EXPERIMENTS IN 1907-8. 
In the package series of tests made during the winter of 1906-7, 
with the exception of the commercial boxes and barrels with both 
heads perforated with auger holes, a few scales were found on fumi- 
gated fruit which were so nearly normal in color and appearance 
