PACKAGE EXPERIMENTS, 1907-8. 29 
moisture. In Nos. 83 to 86 fruit from barrels was packed in the 
usual way, wrapped and unwrapped, in commercial apple boxes. 
The first examination for scale on the treated fruit was begun on 
December 14 and concluded December 24, and reexamination was 
done from January 3 to 8, using fruit from the top, middle, and 
bottom of barrels each time. 
In all tests in 1907-8 the plan was adopted of holding the fruit in a 
warm room, where the temperature was from 70° to 75° F., for two 
days previous to examination to bring about a more marked discol- 
oration of the dead scales and eliminate as much as possible any 
doubt as to their exact condition. The method of treatment was 
found to blacken the dead scales without exception, and there was 
never any question as to whether the insect was dead or alive. The 
essential features of the test are given in the subjoined table: 
Taste XII.—Effect of fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid gas on scales and fruit in dif- 
ferent kinds of packages. (Package series, 1907-8.) 
Rate at | AStre 
Espen: Variety of Kandon oak: eats Length of | pene Effect on| Effect on 
Noo apple. By eee sium exposure. ee scales. fruit. 
; cyanid amined. 
was used 
Gr. per | 
CUTE: 
alee are Baldwin..| Barrel, iron header in bot- | O3307 Mshours =. - 4,228 | Alldead.| No injury. 
tom. | 
(oi eeee. SeIAG OR eet | Wepre (CKO ene a recede ietrer ope ee Es SOUR SeHOUTS. = -l9 3;,602.|=2c0d 0) 55 Do. 
(Boe eeS we GOs annie lemieree COMER rete ios Reem e ical .30 | All night..| 4,899 |...do.-.-- Do. 
ie ese a BOE C lesa on wee GLO Se Sine noc eae ate ern H0ssynOurse a), 4.207 1ae.dosn a: Do. 
TiN e nese BNC OW cpieerte Pent OO) OSM > ce scoes oss | POs ehounaesa: AS 898 ea Ones: Do 
ORS o ate Op anatcs a ee SCL Oa tes Nae eh .30 | 3 hours. 2, 879 do Do 
Uae ClO sea eee ws. do Ey OR Hest ea aN eae ge 30 | All night 4, 562 Gone Do 
Victabeetate pen OR eevee Wee COE Ey ie ae ee LOOMS HOURS | kos Odell CORE) Do. 
Vhs ie eaves a SACO YS eras Barrel with 20 3?-inch auger PSO enous e403 eed ones: Do. 
holes in each end. 
See e ed One eee GO ae eee eee YOON 23 NOUTSS 24743018 See doatee Do. 
Sire ee Ose: fae CUO ei a ee cre Rien ae £3 0h PAllimigh tse 3hOa/elisdOs. = - Do. 
eames SLAG Ome ees |e Clos Ses aoe serena on OOM hoe NOUTSeee|) 420002 200252 Do. 
Sopereen SC Ow ae te Box, eae unwrapped.....-- B10) | SasOlOsecaoe 2090 s\eaadOeea: Do 
S4te oe: Gh) Seema loa DAO OSe SRA ana nee s emcees 30 | All night 2,355 do Do 
‘Sye oeeee pO Ree Box, fruit Wrappede= ee sa- FSO eoeHOUTSS=-7) eo 2Oae| == One ee Do. 
SO tee se RA Opecr elie ee Oe ne erp eT ar .30 | All night. St ASO -||SeeO Osos oily JDO. 
It will be noted from the table that in every case the treatment 
was entirely effective in killing the scale insects and that no injury 
resulted to the fruit. 
To corroborate these results, several of the tests were repeated, 
using fruit from the same source, but held longer in cold storage, 
namely, until February 5. The Baldwin and Roxbury Russet 
varieties were used and after fumigation were kept in the outhouse 
mentioned. The percentage of live scales in untreated Baldwins at 
time of fumigation was 24.4 and on the Roxbury Russet 70. In 
these tests it will also be noted (Table XIII) that all scales were 
killed and without injury to the varieties of fruits used. 
