APPARATUS. 11 
The work of Doctor Brick and his associates, as set forth in 
Table I, shows that an undesirable amount of scale-infested fruit 
finds its way into our export shipments, which, from the regulations 
in force, must be excluded from entry, entailing a considerable loss 
to exporters. On account of the general occurrence of the scale in 
American orchards, and the vicissitudes of spraying, the condition 
is not likely to improve, and the desirability of some expedient to 
obviate the objections, if possible, is apparent. The laws and edicts 
now in force in foreign countries relative to the importation from 
America of plants, fruits, and boxes and wrappings used for same, 
infested with injurious insects, principally the San Jose scale, together 
with those in effect in the United States, are given in abstract in the 
appendix to this article. 
EXPERIMENTS IN FRUIT FUMIGATION.* 
At the instance of Mr. Wm. A. Taylor, pomologist, of the Bureau 
of Plant Industry, of this Department, the Bureau of Entomology, 
cooperating with Mr. Taylor, began in the fall of 1906 a series of 
experiments to determine the possibility of treating scale-infested 
apples in a manner to destroy the insects without injury to the 
appearance and quality of the fruit. This work was followed entirely 
along the line of fumigation and aside from certain preliminary 
experiments hydrocyanic-acid gas was used, although limited tests 
were made with carbon bisulphid. 
APPARATUS. 
Much care was taken to construct a fumigating apparatus which 
would be as tight as possible and in the use of which the various opera- 
tions of fumigation would be quite under control. Five equal-sized 
boxes were constructed out of tongue-and-grooved lumber, using two 
layers of boards with heavy building paper between, the whole fitting 
tightly together. The interior of each box was given two heavy coats 
of thick white lead paint and later treated with a shellac varnish. The 
inside dimensions of each box were 2.5 by 2.5 by 4 feet, and after 
deducting for certain pieces of timber used in the corners, and for plat- 
form for packages of fruit, contained 23.776 cubic feet. The appara- 
tus was installed in a basement room, the boxes placed side by side, as 
shown in figure 1, A-#. The front of each box, forming the door, was 
entirely removable, as shown in the figure, and when in place fitted 
against a 3-inch heavy wooden rim all around, covered with thick felt 
a The writer wishes especially to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Jas. H. Beattie, 
in the construction of the fumigating boxes; and of Messrs. Fred Johnson, E. L. 
Jenne, and §. W. Foster, in the fumigation of fruit and in making examinations of 
the scale insects. 
