11 



pushes the hinder end of the body of the female upwards until when 

 the sac is completed she is practically standing on her head, the body 

 being at an angle from 45 degrees to nearly vertical. 



The development of the insect during the summer of 1899 at Wash- 

 ington was more rapid than during 1898, and considerably more rapid 

 than as described by Putnam for his Iowa region. The eggs, as indi- 

 cated in a previous paragraph, commenced to hatch May 22; the young 

 larvae had begun to settle in numbers by May 26, the hatching contin- 

 uing, however, for many days; on June 10 the first larvae were observed 

 to cast their first skins, which for some time adhered to the end of the 

 body, resembling a small twisted string. By June 22 they commenced 

 to cast their second skin, still retaining the same general appearance 

 but having become 

 considerably larger. 

 The differentiation 

 between males and 

 females was plainly ob- 

 servable at this time, 

 the males being nar- 

 rower and more elon- 

 gated. The dorsal 

 secretion became no- 

 ticeable at this time. 

 On July 7 they were 

 still apparently in the 

 third stage, but some 

 of the females had be- 

 come marked with the 

 peculiar purplish radi 

 ating lines characteris- 

 tic of this insect. ( See 

 figure 1.) By July 26 

 some of the males had 

 already cast a third 



Skin, and were nOW ill Yig. i.—Pulvinaria innumeraMlis: female larva, fourth stage, 

 the last Or fourth greatly enlarged, with leg at right and antenna at left, stall more 



enlarged (original). 



stage. The antennae, 



which up to this time were 7-jointed, had now become 8-jointed. 

 The male larvae at this time still resembled the females to some 

 degree, although they were smaller and narrower, and of a pale 

 yellowish or whitish color, covered with a glossy covering. There 

 seemed to be two propupa stages. After casting the second skin, 

 the male larva loses its rostrum and its anal cleft, although the wing- 

 pads have not yet developed; the antennae are stout and laid back- 

 ward without perceptible points, and the end of the body is furn- 

 ished with two long conical tubercles. After the third skin is cast, an 

 apparent propupa stage is found which bears wing pads reaching to 



