82 



A. perniciosus, A. for best, and Ch. furfur us on Ben Davis, from Virginia (December 



2. Common occurrence on one apple. — A. ancylus and A.forbesi on one English Russet 

 (November 29, 1898). 

 A. camellia' and M. pomorum on one Newiown Pippin (February 14, 1899). 

 A. perniciosus and A. camellia" on two Newtown Pippins (February 14, 1899). 

 A. perniciosus and M. pomorum on one Newtown Pippin (February 14, 1899). 



The result of the investigation is rather negative. The various spe- 

 cies of Coccids occur in company in all sorts of combinations, but it 

 seems that the occurrence of A. ancylus excludes that of A. camellias 

 and A. perniciosus. 



EXPERIMENTS. 



No experiments to imitate the American methods of drying* fruit 

 were made for various reasons, but more especially because we rely 

 implicitly upon the results of the experiments made in the laboratories 

 of the United States Department of Agriculture, under the direction of 

 L. O. Howard, by the pouiologist, William A. Taylor, and the ento- 

 mologist, Nathan Banks. 



Only the two following experiments appeared to me important in rela- 

 tion to the importation of fruit: 



1. The non-importation edict is also directed against the wrappings 

 and packings of the invoices. Many wrapping papers were examined 

 by us, but always with negative result. In this connection experi- 

 ments were made to ascertain how long a Ooccid would live when 

 removed from its place and transported to another place on the apple. 

 The result was that, under the most favorable circumstances, the Coc- 

 cid lives about three months; under ordinary circumstances, about one 

 week. 



The result is that the various packings — barrels, boxes, paper — do 

 not appear to present any danger as to the transportation of the San 

 Jose scale. 



2. The non-importation edict refers also to dried-apple peelings. 

 Upon such peelings no living Coccids have ever been found, as far as I 

 know, but I made experiments to ascertain the vitality of A. perniciosus 

 on fresh peelings. Result: The scales on the thickest peelings lived 

 longest, not quite twenty days; on ordinary peelings they died in from 

 eight to fourteen days. But in all cases these peelings were fresher 

 than those arriving from America. 



A few other experiments may be briefly mentioned here. 



3. Re-formation of the scale, and vitality without the scale. — The scale 

 was carefully removed from the Coccids without touching the latter, 

 but a re-formation of the scale never took place. If the scale was only 

 slightly lifted it was slowly but firmly drawn back again by the insect, 

 The vitality without scale was a very long one, extending over more 

 than three months. 



4. The behavior of Coccids on rotten apples appears to me of impor- 

 tance, because such apples are of course thrown away. My experiments 



