83 



gave the result that Coccids are able to retain their vitality on rotten 

 apples for about three weeks. 



5. Vitality of Coccids immersed in icater. — The few experiments seem 

 to show that Coccids can live several hours under water. 



6. Experiments with gases. — Cold vapor of alcohol does not kill; warm 

 vapor of alcohol kills pretty quickly. Vapors, cold and warm, of 

 formalin do not kill. Sulphur vapors seem to kill scales on apple. 

 Common chloroform gas easily kills the lice, but the apples turn quite 

 brown. To gas of cyancalium the lice proved to be quite indifferent. 



7. Fluids that penetrate the scale. — Quickly evaporating fluids — such as 

 alcohol, formalin, chloroform, eau de Javelle — do not seem to have any 

 effect, whereas a painting of the scale with sulphuric acid, toluol, and 

 heavy oil (Rubol) surely killed the lice. 



S. Temperature experiments. — One apple was immersed for twenty 

 minutes in water of 50° C. ; the lice were not killed. 



Without microscopic examination of the cells it is extremely difficult 

 to decide whether a Coccid is dead or alive. 



INSECT CONTROL IN RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA. 



By Felix G. Havens, Riverside, Gal. 



The work of insect pest control naturally divides itself into three 

 parts, viz, inspection, eradication, and quarantine. 



INSPECTION. 



In Riverside County the work of inspection is organized as follows: 

 The county board of horticultural commissioners, consisting of three 

 members, has divided the county into three divisions, each division 

 being in charge of one commissioner. The orange-growing section, 

 known as Riverside, and comprising 12,500 acres of citrus orchards, 

 is one of these divisions. Riverside division is subdivided into six 

 districts, and a local inspector is in charge of each district. 



All of the work of inspecting done in each district is reported by the 

 inspector in charge, and these reports give in detail the names of the 

 inspectors employed, owners of property inspected, acres examined, 

 pests found, date of plat or report, amount of time occupied in inspect- 

 ing each ranch, and how divided as between the inspectors employed. 



Each orchard is examined tree by tree and row by row, together with 

 all of the shrubbery, rosebushes, etc., on the place. Whenever infested 

 trees are found in an orchard they are marked around the trunk or in 

 some equally permanent manner, and the inspector in charge notes their 

 location in the orchard, and when the orchard is finished, he makes a 

 plat or diagram showing the location of all the infested trees in the 

 orchard, in relation to each other and to the boundaries of the orchard. 

 The orchards are so set out and arranged that a sheet crosslined with 

 35 lines each way can be used to correctly designate the location of each 



