SOME INSECTS INJURIOUS TO GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



CROPS. 



THE SQUASH LADYBIRD; ITS LITERATURE AND BIOLOGY. 



In the course of the investigations of the insect enemies of cucurbit 

 crops, the squash ladybird (Epilachna borealis Fab.) has come under 

 observation on numerous occasions. All of the different stages of the 

 species have been described more or less fully by different writers; 

 some few slight details in the life economy of the insect remained to be 

 more fully studied, however, and in looking through the early litera- 

 ture of the species so much has been found of interest that has obvi- 



FlG. 1. 



-Epilachna borealis: a, larva ; b, pupa ; c, adult beetle ; d, egg ; e, surface of 

 three times natural size; d, four times; e, highly magnified (original). 



, 6, c, 



ously escaped the attention of some of the later writers, that mention 

 is here made of it. Illustrations of the insect in its various stages and 

 of its work are also presented, together with brief mention of its chief 

 characteristics, its habits, and its distribution. As the bibliography 

 has not hitherto been brought together, a list of the principal eco- 

 nomic writings has been compiled and is appended. 



GENERAL APPEARANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. 



For the benefit of those who are not perfectly familiar with this insect 

 and to facilitate its recognition with the aid of the illustrations, a brief 

 description of its several stages is given as a preliminary. 



The beetle is of the characteristic hemispherical form of ladybirds, 

 ochraceous in color, with the dorsal surface marked with rounded black 



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