43 



brevis (fig. 22), a small species sometimes with a light-colored abdo- 

 men, which is found commonly upon windows though not nearly so 

 abundantly as the house fly, is also a dangerous species. The other 

 most dangerous forms are the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) (fig. 23) — 

 a biting fly which looks so much like the house fly that it can hardly 



Fig. 2%—Homalomyia brevis: Female at left; male next, with enlarged antenna; larva at right- 

 enlarged (original). 



be distinguished from it, but which has a piercing proboscis and bites 

 severely — and the forms known as Phora femorata and Sarcophaga 

 trivialis. 



In brief, the results of the observations indicate — 



(1) That in the interests of health, and especially as obviating the 



Fjg. 23. — Stomoxys calcitrans: Adult, larva, puparium, and details— enlarged (original) . 



possibility of the transfer of typhoid fever by flies, the box-privy 

 nuisance should be abolished wherever it exists, even with ordinary 

 farmhouses, and some form of earth closet should be substituted, 

 preferably one in which the contents can be removed and securely 

 buried at very frequent intervals. 



