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the larva crawls along the ground to a suitable place to spin its cocoon. 

 The worms have two modes of leaving the fruit left on the tree. In 

 some cases they drop by a silken thread to the ground. I have 

 observed a larva hanging by this thread, and many threads were 

 noted hanging from the trees. The other, and by far the most com- 

 mon method, is for the larvae to crawl from the apple to a branch and 

 thence to the tree trunk. 



Upon leaving the apple the worm immediately seeks a place to spin 

 the cocoon. The place usually selected is under rough, loose bark, in 

 cracks or holes of the tree trunk and larger branches, under bands or 

 cloths on the trees — in fact, in almost any dark and tight crack or 

 crevice. Many cocoons are placed in cracks in the ground about the 

 trees. This is especially true when the tree trunk is smooth and offers 

 no suitable place. Mr. McPherson says he has found many cocoons 

 among the clods of earth in his orchard. Where apples are stored the 

 worms spin the cocoons in the boxes. I have found as many as 30 

 cocoons in and on one box. Having found a satisfactory place, the 

 larva spins a tough silken case. In the earlier broods the larva? spin 

 their cocoons quite thin and do not usually use other substances than 

 silk in its construction. The last brood, however, build their cocoons 

 thicker, and in nearly all cases hollow out a space for it and mix little 

 pieces of wood, bark, or cloth with the silk. The larva is bent in a 

 U shape in the cocoon. If the cocoon be destroyed the larva will set 

 to work immediately to build another or to repair the old one if it be 

 not completely destroyed. 



THE PUPA. 



In from three to five days in the summer the larva sheds its skin 

 and becomes a pupa. In the last brood the larval stage lasts until the 

 spring. The pupa is at first of a yellowish color, later becoming 

 brown and then bronze in color. When the moth is ready to emerge, 

 the pupa, aided by the spines on the abdominal segments, wriggles 

 itself out of the cocoon. I have seen empty cases that had been thrust 

 through heavy muslin which was used as a band. 



These empty pupal skins are familiar objects upon infested trees. 

 I once counted 50 of them protruding from under pieces of bark in a 

 space of about a square foot. During the warmer season the time 

 spent in the cocoon is from seven to eleven days. Many stay in a 

 longer, but very few a shorter time. The last brood stay in the 

 cocoon about eight months. 



THE MOTH. 



The moth is a beautiful insect whose front wings have the color of 

 brown watered silk, and are crossed by lines of brown and gray 

 scales. Near the tip of the wing is a large bronze-colored spot. The 



