32 THE APPLE IN COLD STOEAGE. 



appearance of the scald is influenced to an important degree by the 

 method of handling the fruit and by its degree of ripeness. A larger 

 number of varieties showing scald to a slight extent will be found 

 mentioned in the notes in the variety catalogue. 



Arctic, serious, midwinter. Smith Older, serious, early winter. 



Arkansas, often serious, after midwinter. Stayman AVinesap, sometimes serious, 



Baldwin, often serious, late in season. midwinter. 



Ben Davis, often serious, late in season. AVagener, serious, midwinter. 



Gilpin, often serious, late in season. White Doctor, serious, midwinter. 



Green Newtown, slight, late in season. White Pippin, slight, late in season. 



Grimes, serious, early winter. Willow, slight, late in season. 



Huntsman, serious, midwinter. Winesap, often serious, late in season. 



Lankford, serious, midwinter. Yellow Xewtown, slight, late in season. 



Xero, serious, midwinter. York Imperial, serious, midwinter. 



Paragon, sometimes serious, midwinter. York Stripe, slight, late in season. 

 Kails, slight, midwinter. 

 Ehode Island Greening, serious, mid- 

 winter. 



TREATMENT TO PREVENT SCALD. 



Through the cooperation of the Bureau of Chemistry and the Office 

 of Vegetable, Pathological, and Physiological Investigations, of the 

 Department of Agriculture, preliminary studies have been undertaken 

 to determine the influence of various gases and other forms of treat- 

 ment on the development of the scald on Ben Davis apples picked in 

 Illinois in August, 1902. The fruit was kept in cold storage till used 

 in the experiments in 1903, when some was slightly scalded. Different 

 lots were placed under the following conditions. The result of the 

 treatment on the scald and fruit is briefly stated in each case. • 



(1) In air containing formaldehyde vapor. No effect. 



(-2) In air containing a large amount of sulphur dioxid. Fruit 

 injured. 



(3) In air containing one one-hundredths volume .sulphur dioxid. 

 No effect on scald, but fruit injured in spots. 



(1) In air containing chlorin. Fruit injured around lenticels and 

 scald not prevented. 



(5) In air containing alcohol vapor. Fruit uninjured; scald not 

 prevented. 



(6) In air containing ether vapor. Fruit uninjured: scald not 

 prevented. 



(7) In air containing chloroform vapor. Fruit killed. 



(8) In air containing turpentine vapor. Fruit injured: scald not 

 prevented. 



(9) In atmosphere of moist oxygen. Fruit uninjured: scald devel- 

 oped more rapidly than in pure air. 



